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Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis
Features (3)

A

feeding intolerance, abdominal distension and bloody stools
More common in prem babies

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2
Q

Acute epiglottitis cause

A

Haemophillus influenzae B

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3
Q

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
CXR
Mx

A

CXR: hyperinflation, fluid in horizontal fissure
Mx: supportive

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4
Q

Loss of red light reflex ?cause

A

retinoblastoma

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5
Q

Roseola infantum F

A

fever first then a rash

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6
Q

whooping cough (pertusis) Mx

A

azithromycin

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7
Q

shaken baby syndrome (3)

A

encephalopathy
subdural haematoma (on ct)
retinal haemorrhages

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8
Q

Down’s most common cardiac abnormality

A

arterioventricular septal defect

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9
Q

cerebral palsy suspicious milestones requiring urgent referral

A

Not sitting by 8 month
Not walking by 18 month
Hand preference <1 yr
Persistent toe-walking

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10
Q

scarlet fever cause

A

group A haemolytic strep (pyogenes)

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11
Q

scarlet fever Fx

A

fever 24-48hrs
sore throat
strawberry tongue
rash (pinhead erythema) torso spares hands/ feet
malaise, headache
otitis media (most common complixcation)

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12
Q

scarlet fever Mx

A

oral pen V (azithromycin if pen allergy)

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13
Q

gastro-oesophageal reflux in children Mx

A

1 - conservative
2 - alginates/ thickened feed
3 - PPI (only if poor feeds, faltering growth)

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14
Q

long term asthma Mx age 5-16

A

1 - SABA
2 - SABA + ICS
3 - SABA + ICS + LABA/ LTRA
4 - SABA + MART (maintenance and reliever therapy)

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15
Q

edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) Fx

A

rocker bottom feet
low set ears

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16
Q

patau syndrome (trisomy 13) Fx

A

microcephalic, small eyes
cleft palate
scalp lesions

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17
Q

Fragile X Fx

A

macrocephaly
macroorchidism
learning difficulty

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18
Q

Noonan Fx

A

short stature
webbed neck
pulmonary stenosis

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19
Q

Croup (parainfluenza viruses) Fx

A

stridor
barking cough (worse at night)
fever
coryza

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20
Q

croup Mx

A

admit if moderate/ severe
PO dexamethasone
if emergency - HFNO, Neb adrenaline

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21
Q

williams syndrome Fx

A

short stature
learning difficulty
friendly, extrovert personality
supravalvular aortic stenosis

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22
Q

chondromalacia patella Fx

A

anterior knee pain walking up and down stairs

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23
Q

osgood schattler (tibial apophysitis)

A

pain, swelling tibial tubercle
sports teens

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24
Q

osteochondritis dissecans

A

knee pain after exercise
intermittent swelling and locking

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25
cyanotic congenital heart disease and when they present (2)
Tetralogy of fallot (most common) - 1-2 months Transposition of great arteries - <24 hours
26
shaken baby syndrome CT findings (3)
retinal haemorrhage subdural haematoma encephalopathy
27
IM Benzylpenicillin doses for Meningococcal septicaemia < 1 year 1 - 10 years > 10 years
< 1 year 300 mg 1 - 10 years 600 mg > 10 years 1200 mg
28
roseola infantum Fx (3) caused by human herpes virus 6
6 month - 2 years fever followed by rash febrile seizures common
29
haemophillia A inheritance
X-linked recessive - daughters are carriers to affected parents - no male to male
30
ADHD Mx
1st - lifestyle modification 2nd - methylphenidate
31
slipped capital femoral epiphysis Mx
cannulated screw for in situ fixation
32
acute epiglottitis cause
haemophilus influenza type B
33
Kawasaki disease Mx
aspirin echo - ?coronary artery aneurysm
34
labial adhesions Mx
usually self resolves by puberty if recurrent UTI - give oestrogen cream
35
meningitis B vaccine dates
2, 4, 12 months
36
cow's milk protein allergy/ intolerance Mx
1st - extensive hydrolysed formula 2nd - amino acid based formula
37
hand, foot and mouth disease
viral infection (coxsackie A16) <10 years old fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, rash palms/ soles feet/ legs self resolves
38
benign rolandic epilepsy Fx
partial seizures at night (eg facial paraesthesia, facial twitching) self resolve by adolesence present between 4- 12 yrs
39
Age < 3months + temp > 38 C Mx
refer to paeds emergency
40
reflux nephropathy (vesicoureteic reflux) Ix
1st micturating cystography Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan - useful for renal scarring
41
congenital heart disease cyanotic vs acyanotic
cyanotic - TGA most common at birth, TOF most common overall acyanotic - VSD most common
42
sit without support milestone
7-8 months (refer if unable at 12)
43
precocious puberty definition
secondary sexual features before 8 in girls and 9 in boys
44
precocious puberty classifications in females
Gonadotrophin dependent (central/ true) - premature activation of hypothalamus. FSH/ LH raised Gonadotrophin independent (psudo/ fake) - excess sex hormones. FSH/ LH low
45
precocious puberty in males
testes evaluation bilateral enlargement - intracranial lesion (gonadotrophin release) unilateral enlargement - gonadal (testicular) tumour small testes - adrenal (tumour/ hyperplasia)
46
Turners syndrome Fx (5)
short stature short fourth metacarpal primary amenorrhea poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics bicuspid aortic valve (crescendo-decrescendo murmur)
47
Rubella Fx
rash - pink maculopapular, face spread to body sensorineural hearing loss cataracts congenital heart - patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis
48
Scarlett fever Fx
(group A haemolytic strep) fever, tonsilitis strawberry tongue rash - fine punctate, sparing the mouth
49
Erythema infectisoum (slapped cheek/ fifth disease) Fx
parvovirus B19 "slapped cheek" rash spread to arms lethargy, fever, headache
50
Acute asthma Mx in community
Bronchodilator (B agonist) Oral Steroid 3-5 days
51
constipation in children Mx
1st - macrogol (movicol) 2nd - senna 3rd - docusate/ lactulose
52
newborn baby head swelling
caput succedaneum - crosses suture line cephalohaematoma - parietal region, does not cross
53
measles complication (1)
pneumonia
54
neonatal respiratoru distress syndrome Mx
maternal dexamethasone
55
lack of red light reflex cause + Investigation
retinoblastoma urgent ophthalmology
56
Downs syndrome risk
1/1000 at 30 years divide by 3 for every 5 years
57
Downs syndrome cardiac complication
atrioventricular septal defect (most common)
58
pertussis vaccine dates (whooping cough)
16-32 weeks of pregnancy
59
threadworm Fx
asymptomatic in 90% cases perianal itching (particularly at night) vulval irritation
60
threadworm Mx
Mebendazole stat hygeine measures for all household
61
umbilical hernia Mx
self resolve by 3 yrs old
62
complications of chickenpox (4)
disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox secondary bacterial infection encephalitis pneumonia (mililary)
63
patent ductus arteriosis Mx
indomethacin or ibuprofen prostaglandin is useful to keep the duct open, until surgical repair of another congenital heart defect
64
bow legs (genu varum) <3 yrs Mx
self resolve by 4 yrs old
65
age able to crawl
9 months
66
live vaccines
MMR BCG oral polio yellow fever oral typhoid
67
Hirschsprung disease
< 2 yrs old delayed passage of meconium constipation and vomiting
68
Nappy rash Mx
Commonly Candida colonisation Topical imidazole (anti fungal) Topical hydrocortisone (if discomfort)
69
Impetigo Mx
Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream - fusidic acid/ mupiron cream if required
70
Epiglottitis neck xray finding
thumbprint
71
duodenal atresia Fx
vomiting within hours of life (day 1) intestinal obstruction double bubble sign on US
72
impetigo Mx
1st - hydrogen peroxide 1% cream 2nd - fusidic acid 2%

MSRA (17 decks)

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