paeds 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
life-threatening asthma signs
CHEST
confusion
hypotension
exhaustion (reduced work of breathing)
silent chest
tachycardia
croup
- cause
- symptoms
- tx
parainfluenza virus
- barking/ seal cough
- resp distress
- stridor
- dexamethosone
- O2
- nebulised adrenaline
bronchiolotis
- symptoms
- inv
- tx
- prevention
- when does this occur most
loads
- coryzal
- fever
- resp distress
- wheeze
- cough
nasopharang aspirate - RSV (causative virus)
CXR to exclude pneumonia/ pneomthoraz
supportive tx
- (No abx/ ICS/ bronchoD)
prevention = pavalizumab
esp in winter
APGAR score
- what?
- what score is ok/ bad
neonate assessment
appearance
pulse
grimace
activity
respiration
7+ good
3-7 moderately depressed
<3 severely depressed
epiglotitis
- symptoms
- treatment
tripod position
drooling
dysphagia/ dysphonia
stridor
fever
sore throat
resp distress
may have poor vax history - haem influenz bacteria
intubate/ ventilate!! anaesthetics
severe asthma attack
unable to talk in full sentences
not feeding well
audible wheeze
accessory muscle use
cystic fibrosis
- what
- symptoms
- inv
- tx
CFTR gene mutation on chromosome 7
recurent chest inf
- can inc bronchiectasis
malabsorption
- foul, hard to flush poos / meconium ileus
- poor growth
rectal prolpase
nasal polyps
reduced fertility
sweat test ! (amout of chloride in sweat)
newborn screening
genetic test CFTR gene
pancreatic enzyme
prophylactic Abx (chest inf)
anti mucolytic (cough up phlegm)
diet - high fat, high calorie
chest physio
what medication to give for:
viral meningitis
bacterial meningitis
RSV bronchiolotis prophylaxis
MS
IBD
chlamidya
PROM inf / neonatal sepsis
scarlet fever
reduce swelling
viral meningitis - aciclovir
bacterial meningitis
- before hospital : benzylpenicillin
- <3m - ceftriaxone + amoxicillin
- >3m - ceftriazone + dexamethoasone
RSV bronchiolotis prophylaxis - pavalizumab
MS - natalizumba
IBD - infliximab
chlamidya - Doxycycline (Azithromycin if pregnant)
PROM inf/ neonatal sepsis - Benzylpenicillin + Gentamicin
scarlet fever - penV: Phenoxymethypenicillin
reduce swelling - dexamethasone
scarlet fever
- symptoms
- tx
- pathogen
strawberry tongue
fever
sore throat
rash - punctuate erthyema - pin point, sandpaper, trunk often, not palms/ soles
pen v 10 d
notifiable disease
back to school 24h after
Strep pyogenes
erthyema infectoiusum
- caused by
- symptoms
- tx
parvovirus b19
slapped cheek, may spread but not to palms/soles
Hb lower (platelets lower?)
supportive
blood trandusion/ antibodies if extreme
fluid correction equation
defecit % x 10 x weight
(weight = (age +4) x2 )
fluid maintenance equation
first 10kg: 100ml/kg
next 10kg: 50ml/kg
every other 10kg: 20ml/kg
(weight = (Age+4)x2)§
shaken baby triad
retinal haemorrhages
encephalopathy
subdural haematoma
when is APGAR assessed
1 min
5 mins
exacerbation of asthma —> ?
steroids 3-5 days (always)
(on top of prev tx eg salbutamol)
meckels diverticulum
- ?
- symtpoms
- investigation
- tx
pouch in small intestine - remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct (also called the vitellointestinal duct) - contains ectopic ileal, gastric or pancreatic mucosa.
- massive painless bleed (most common cause for this)
- abdo pain similar to appendicitis
- obstruction (secondary to volvulus, omesopheteric band (most common) and intussception)
Meckels scan- 99m technetium pertechnetate
supportive - blood transfusion
surgical removal is narrow
UTI tx
<3m –> refer to hospital immediately
older:
- Upper UTI - consider hospital admission, broad Abx
- lower UTI - broad abx
developmental dysplasia of hip investigation
<4.5 months – USS
> 4.5m - X ray
SSRI use in first / third trimester increases what risk
1st - congenital heart defects
3rd - neonatal persistant pulmonary hypertension
what happens after A WHILE of taking antipsychotics
what happens IMMEDIATELY
LONG -tardive dyskenesia
SHORT - dystonia / neuroleptic malignant syndrome
erbs palsy
- what roots
- what cause
- what effect
ERB
C5/C6
Breech
shoulder dystocia
winged scapula
pronated arm
adducted arm
internally rotated arm
klumpkes palsy
- what roots
- what cause
- what effect
KLUMPKE
C8/T1
strethced/ pulled babies?
hand muscle palsy (e.g loss of thumb adduction, finger abduction)
suboccipital lymph nodes swollen
fever
malaise
face rash then spreads
rubella
