Paeds Flashcards
(30 cards)
Features of a diaphragmatic hernia in kids
Left-sided herniation, scaphoid abdomen.
Treated with NG tub + surgery +- fetoscopic endotracheal balloon occlusion
Type of cerebral palsy in kids with kernicterus
Choreoathetoid cerebral palsy
What is the pierre robin sequence?
midline soft palate cleft + posterior displacement of tongue + micrognathia
Needs to be placed prone if obstructing
Name three important physical features of congenital hypothyroidism
- Coarse face
- Large tongue
- Hoarse cry
Three things which can cause a “jittery” baby?
- Hypoglycaemia
- Hypocalcaemia (because of nerve hyper-excitability)
- Withdrawal from maternal drug and/or alcohol use
When does suckling reflex develop?
At 34/40
You see a neonate with ground glass appearance on CXR, there is also an air bronchogram, what could this be?
Respiratory distress syndrome
What is the definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
An infant requiring oxygen after 28 days following birth or after 36/40
Name of the ring of iris pigment in Down’s syndrome babies?
Brushfield spots
Which cardiac syndrome do you get in Noonan’s syndrome?
Most common issue is pulmonary stenosis
What is the mode of inheritance of Friedrich’s ataxia?
Autosomal recessive
How do you diagnose micro-deletion conditions?
With fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH)
How do you diagnose conditions where there is a known protein? For example, an auto-antibody or a bacterial/viral protein?
ELISA
What are the features if William’s syndrome? In particular, whats the cardiac defect they get?
Elfin appearance, small ears, stellate eyes
They get supra-aortic stenosis
Name the particular developmental red flags at the following break points:
8 weeks
6 months
9 months
10 - 12 months
12 months
18 months
2.5 years
4 years
8 weeks - not smiling yet
6 months - hand preference, a squint, persistence of primitive reflexes
9 months - not sitting up
10 - 12 months - no double syllable babble, no pincer grip (12m)
12 months - not weight bearing through legs
18 months - not walking or standing independently
2.5 years - no 2/3 word sentences
4 years - incomprehensible speech
Management of transposition of the great arteries?
O2 and prostaglandin infusion to maintain PDA
Then
Balloon atrial septostomy/pulmonary arterial banding as an emergency to help blood mix in their heart
Then
Arterial switch operation
Difference in heart pathology between Noonan’s and Turners?
In Noonan they get pulmonary stenosis
In Turners they get aortic co-arctation
ECG abnormality associated with aortic stenosis?
Downgoing T wave
What is the treatment of cow’s milk allergy?
Tell mum to stop drinking milk if severe, and try hydrosylate formula for 2 weeks
What are the conditions that you can treat with ursodeoxycholic acid?
- Inborn errors of bile synthesis (mass spec will show raised cholenoic bile acids in URINE)
- Maternal cholestasis
- Cystic fibrosis which causes liver disease
- Itching in liver disease causing cirrhosis
What is the management of ophthalmia neonatorum?
Usually N gonorrhoea -> so give ceftriaxone (single dose IM/IV)
Then saline eye irrigation and antibiotic drops (bacitracin)
What is the management of toxic shock syndrome?
Caused by staph a or strep pyogenes (group A b haemolytic strep) -> so give cephalosporin and clindamycin
What is the management of cradle cap?
Emollients/olive oil
Topical corticosteroids
Salicylic acid ointment/sulphur
What is the management of scabies?
5% permethrin or 0.5% malathion
