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Maud- Phase 3a > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 4 common respiratory viruses

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rhinoviruses
Parainfluenza
Influenza

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2
Q

Which bacteria causes whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

What is meant by the term purulent?

A

Containing pus

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4
Q

Coryza is commonly caused by which virus?

A

Rhinovirus

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5
Q

Pharyngitis is more commonly known as

A

Sore throat

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6
Q

True or False: Bacterial and Viral Tonsilitis cannot be distinguished on clinical examination?

A

TRUE

You CANNOT distinguish between bacterial and viral tonsilitis

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7
Q

What is the treatment of severe tonsilitis?

A

Penicillin

Consider Tonsilectomy

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8
Q

Patient has a bright, red, bulging tympanic memberance with loss of normal light reflection. Diagnosis?

A

Acute Otitis Media

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9
Q

What are the complications of recurrent otitis media?

A

Reccurent OM –> OM+effusion –> Conductive hearing loss –> speech development problems

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10
Q

What is the commonest classification of respiratory infection?

A

URTI

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11
Q

Give 3 features of the pathophysiology of Croup?

A

Croup PP:
Mucosal Inflammation
Increased Secretions
Subglottic Oedema

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12
Q

Patient presents with coryzal symptoms which are worse at night and a barking cough. Likely diagosis?

A

Barking Cough= Croup

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13
Q

How do you manage severe Croup?

A

Severe Croup Mx:

Nebulised Adrenaline

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14
Q

How do you manage a patient with Croup?

A

PO Dexamethasone/Prednisolone and nebulised budesonide

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15
Q

What is the cause of Bacterial Tracheitis?

A

Staph Aureus

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16
Q

Which type of H.Influenza is immunised in children?

A

H.Influenza type B vaccined in children

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17
Q

What is the cause of acute epiglottitis?

A

Acute Epiglottitis cause:

H.Influenze type B

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18
Q

Describe the onset of acute epiglottitis?

A

Very acute onset & Life threatening

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19
Q

Croup and Acute Epiglottitis both cause UAO. How are they different?

A

HPC:
Onset: Cr days AE hours
Preceding Coryza: Cr Yes AE No

Resp Sx:
Cough: Cr Barking, AE None
Stridor: Cr Harsh, AE Soft

General Sx:
Appearance: Cr unwell, AE toxic
Drooling: Cr No, AE Yes

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20
Q

How do you treat Acute Epiglottitis?

A

Intubated under GA, IV Cefuroxime

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21
Q

What causes Whooping cough?

A

Bordatella Pertussis

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22
Q

What does the DTaP vaccine cover?

A

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis

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23
Q

Describe the presentation of Whooping Cough?

A

Normal Resp infection (1-2weeks) –> Hacking cough followed by Whoop

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24
Q

What triggers a whoop cough

A

Startling / Post-Vomit

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25
Ix for Whooping Cough?
Culture organise on pre-nasal swab, Lymphocytosis on blood film
26
Management of Whooping cough
Clarithromycin | Prophylactic eryhtromycin for close contacts
27
What are the causes of weight faltering?
``` IUGR *Environmental/Psychosocial Genetic: CF GI: Coeliac, GORD Endo: Hypothyroidism, GH Deficiency ```
28
S&S of Bronchiolitis
``` Apnea in infants<4mo Sharp dry cough Cyanosis/pallor Hyperinflation of chest Fine end-inspiratory crackles ```
29
Mx of Bronchiolitis
Supportve O2 IV Fluids Infection control measures
30
Prevenar vaccine immunises patients against what?
strep pneumonia
31
S&S of pneumonia
Difficulty breathing Fever Dullness to percussion
32
Management of Pneumonia: i) Newborn ii) Older children
Mx Pneumonia: Newborn- IV Broad Spec Abx Older children- amoxicillin / co-amoxical (if severe)
33
Characteristics of UAO
Stridor Horseness- inflamed vocal cords Dyspnoea Barking cough
34
Commonest cause of UAO?
Croup
35
Causes of UAO?
**Croup | Rare (epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, trauma to throat, laryngeal foreign body)
36
Give 3 causes of Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease?
ASD VSD Persistent Ductus Arteriosus
37
What are the 2 types of ASD?
Secundum (complete) | Partial atrioventricular septal defect
38
Describe the murmur of ASD?
ASD= Ejection systolic | increased flow across right ventricular outflow tract
39
Management of ASD?
Occlusion device via cardiac catheter
40
Two categories of VSD?
Small <3mm | Large >3mm
41
S&S of small VSD
Asymptomatic | Loud pansystolic murmur
42
Mx small VSD
None- most spontaneously close. | Good dental hygiene to prevent bacterial endocarditis
43
S&S large VSD
Signs of HF | Soft/no pansystolic murmur, loud P2 from raised PA diastolic pressure
44
Ix large VSD
CXR (ABCDE, HF), ECG (biventricular hypertrophy), Echo
45
Mx large VSD
Surgery Diuretics Additional calories (F2Thrive)
46
Ductus arteriosus connects which structures?
Ductus Arteriosus: Pulomary artery and descending aorta
47
Ptx has continuous murmur beneath left clavicle and a collapsing/bounding pulse. Diagnosis
Persistent Ductus Arteriosus
48
Mx of Persistent Ductus Arteriosus?
Coil via catheter
49
Two types of cyanosis
Peripheral and central
50
What investigation can be used to diagnose cyanotic heart disease
Nitrogen washout
51
Describe nitrogen washout
place in 100% O2 for 10 mins PaO2 < 15kPa= cyanotic PaO2>20= not cyanotic
52
Causes of cyanotic heart disease
Complete atrioventricular septal defect Tetralogy of fallot Transposition of great arteries
53
Give 3 examples of congenital heart diseases which are outflow obstructions?
Pulmonary Stenosis Aortic Stenosis Coarctation of Aorta
54
Patient has ejection systolic murmur heard most loudly at ULSE, what is their diagnosis?
Pulmonary stenosis (URSE)
55
Which outflow obstruction has RVH?
Pulmonary stenosis has RVH
56
What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?
asymptomatic | OR: CPoE, Syncope
57
What would be seen on CXR for AS?
CXR AS: | LVH Dilates ascending aorta
58
Mx of AS?
Aortic valvuloplasty or valve replacement
59
What are the four clinical features of tetralogy of fallot?
VSD RVTO RVh Overriding aorta
60
S&S Tetralogy of fallot
``` Loud ejection systolic LSE. Clubbing Rare- hypercyanotic spells: rapid cyanosis w/assoc. inconsolable crying due to hypoxia + pallor due to acidosis. C ```
61
Newborn has transposition of great arteries, when are they likely to first show signs?
Day 1-2 when the ductus arteriosus closes
62
Mx of transposition of great arteries?
Prostaglandin infusion to maintain PDA Balloon atrial septostomy (catherter into LA, inflate balloon and pull back into RA ripping septum) Surgical switch procedure
63
Complete atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDc) are most common in what category of newborns?
Downs' syndrome
64
Describe the pathophysiology of a supraventricular tachycardia
Hr 250-300bpm | Premature activation of atrium via accessory pathway (re-entry)
65
Mx of supraventricular tachycardia?
Vagal stimulation IV Adenosine Electrical cardioversion Digoxin to maintain
66
Causative organism for Rheumatic fever?
Group A Beta-Haemolytic strep
67
Give 2 major and 2 minor symptoms from Jones' criteria of Rheumatic Fever?
Major: Polyarthritis, Pericarditis, Endocarditis, Myocarditis Involuntary movements, emotional liability Minor: Fever, Polyarthralgia, Hx Rh, Prolonger P-R
68
Complication of recurrent rheumatic fever?
Mitral stenosis
69
Commonest cause of Infective Endocarditis?
Strep Viridans
70
3 potential causes of IE?
Prosthetic valve PDA Coarctation of aorta VSD
71
S&S of Kawasaki's disease?
Conjunctival infection, red/dry/cracked lips, strawberry tongue, rash, red/peeling palms/fingers&toes
72
Tx Kawasaki's disease?
IV immunoglobulins | Aspirin
73
Mongolion blue spots are more common in children with what type of skin?
Darker skin
74
How many cafe au lait patches should make us suspect neurofibromatosis?
>5
75
What is erthema toxicum/infantile urticaria?
Similar to nettle sting rash appearance on baby | Nothing to worry about
76
Give 3 causes of nappy rash?
Irritant (contact) dermatitis, Infantile seborrheic dermatitis Candida Atopic eczema
77
CCCK prodrome of measles?
Cough coryza conjuctival koplik spots in mouth
78
patient has a first tonic clonic seizure, this lastes > 5mins. What do you give?
``` Buccal midazolam / rectal dizazepam Lorazepam IV (in hospital) ```

Maud- Phase 3a (3 decks)

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