PAES IRRIGATION STRUCTURE

Question 1

volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level and
normal water level

Answer 1

Active Storage

Question 2

vertical distance from lowest point of the ground line to the dam crest

Answer 2

Dam Height

Question 3

volume below the intake structure computed

Answer 3

Dead volume

Question 4

dam component which prevents migration of small particles and screen off fine
materials that flow with seepage water and prevent piping

Answer 4

Filter drain

Question 5

maximum elevation the water surface which can be attained by the dam or
reservoir without flow in the spillway

Answer 5

Normal Storage Elevation

Question 6

vertical distance measured from the top of the dam down to the bedrock

Answer 6

Structural height

Question 7

The stable slope for the upstream face is

Answer 7

2.75:1

Question 8

The stable slope for the downstream face is

Answer 8

2.5:1

Question 9

actual height of the embankment after settlement

Answer 9

Design height

Question 10

height of the embankment to be attained during construction

Answer 10

Finished height

Question 11

ratio of the storage capacity to the total earth volume required for embankment
construction which indicates the relative cost of the different types of reservoir

Answer 11

Storage ratio

Question 12

rainfall pattern with five wet months of more than 200 mm/month, five dry
months of less than 100 mm/month, two transition months of 100mm200mm/month and total annual rainfall above 1500 m

Answer 12

Unimodal rainfall pattern

Question 13

Suited to an area with an
undulating topography. A
dam is built across a
valley and water is
impounded on the
upstream side of the dam

Answer 13

Straight embankment

Question 14

On slightly sloping land,
the excavated earth can
be used to impound some
water above ground level.
On higher slopes, it can be
designed so that all water
is stored above service
level

Answer 14

Rectangular balance equation

Question 15

Water is impounded
against the slope behind a
semicircular
embankment

Answer 15

Semicircular embankment

Question 16

The only designed suited
to flat areas. A reservoir is
constructed by excavating
the earth leaving storage
space that can be filled
with water. Water is
stored below the ground
level and pumping is
required to draw out
water

Answer 16

DugOut Pond

Question 17

dam that relies on rock, either dumped in lifts or compacted in layers, as a major
structural element where an impervious membrane is used as the water barrier
and can be placed either within the embankment or on the upstream slope

Answer 17

Rockfill Dam

Question 18

rise in maximum flood level from the original unobstructed flood level which
result after an obstruction to the flow such as a dam, has been introduced

Answer 18

afflux elevation

Question 19

structure or weir provided across the river or creek to raise its water level and
divert the water into the main canal to facilitate irrigation by gravity.

Answer 19

diversion dam

Question 20

a weir wherein the upper curve of
the ogee is made to conform to the
shape of the lower nappe of a
ventilated sheet of water falling from
a sharp-crested weir

Answer 20

Ogee

Question 21

occurs when a thin sheet of incoming flow moving at high velocity strikes water
of sufficient depth

Answer 21

hydraulic jump

Question 22

a weir which produces freedischarging flows and dissipates
overflowing water jet with the
impact in the downstream apron

Answer 22

Vertical drop

Question 23

has stable and predictable hydraulic
jump
- most adoptable for rivers that have
heavy sediment loads

Answer 23

Glacis

Question 24

a weir where the larger part of the
ponding is accomplished by the solid
obstruction or the main body of the
weir
- additional head can be achieved by
installing gates on the crest of the
weir which can be collapsed or
raised during floods

Answer 24

Gated

Question 25

used to stabilize the river bed for intake type diversion structures or to gain a limited amount of diversion head

Answer 25

Corewall

Question 26

Methods Used for Well Characterization and Site InvestigationPreliminary basis in determining potential for groundwater development; consists of collection, analysis and hydrodeologic interpretation of existing topographic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps and logs

Answer 26

Geologic Investigations

Question 27

Used to determine groundwater conditions from photographs of the earth taken from aircraft or satellite at various electromagnetic wavelength; specific methods include stereoscopic examination of black-and-white aerial photographs and infrared imagery

Answer 27

Remote sensing

Question 28

Uses scientific measurement of physical properties of the earth’s crust for investigation of mineral deposits or geological structure; findings are interpreted in terms of rock type and porosity, water content and water quality

Answer 28

Geophysical Exploration

Question 29

used in unconsolidated formations with large diameters which permit considerable water storage.

Answer 29

Dug well

Question 30

– used in formations with very shallow water depths

Answer 30

Bored Well / Augered well

Question 31

used in unconsolidated formations with shallow water tables that contain not too many rocks

Answer 31

Driven well

Question 32

constructed by the cutting action of a downward-directed steam of water to excavate the hole and carry the excavated materials out of the hole

Answer 32

Jetted well

Question 33

distance from the perimeter of the irrigation area to the community or area of concern that is sensitive to contamination

Answer 33

Setback distance

Question 34

allowable pollutant-loading limit per unit of time, which the wastewater generator is permitted to discharge into any receiving body of water or land.

Answer 34

Loading limit

Question 35

introduction of substances not found in the natural composition of water that make the water less desirable or unfit for intended use

Answer 35

Contaminants

Question 36

the tilt of the PV module with respect to the horizontal plane

Answer 36

angle of inclination