PAGE 1 Flashcards
General Influences
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North
Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in
what is now the modern country of Egypt.
Geographical
- Irrigation turned desert lands into fruitful fields.
- Its gentle current was favorable for navigation.
- Trade and commerce prospered along its banks.
- Early Egyptian civilization had its birth along the ___.
- Important religious structures like tomb pyramids and
temples for the gods were built in strategic places
along the banks of the ____.
Nile, life of Egypt
- Mud brick was the principal building material for
domestic buildings. - Stone (sandstone, limestone, granite and marble) was
favored for temples and tombs. - The ancient Egyptians didn’t use mortar, so the stones
were carefully cut to fit together.
Geological
Due to the aridity of Egypt’s climate, population centers are concentrated along the narrow Nile Valley and Delta.
Climatic
Effects of climate on Buildings:
* Simple design
* Few windows due to sandstorms
* Flat roof, no drainage, no gutters due to absence rain
* Massive walls due to heat
The ________ rites of the Egyptians were traditional and
mysterious as manifested in tombs and temples.
Religious
Religious practices:
1. __________ in theory
2. __________ in practice (natural phenomena, heavenly bodies
and animals).
Religious practices:
1. Monotheistic in theory
2. Polytheistic in practice (natural phenomena, heavenly bodies
and animals).
THEBAN TRIAD:
______ - the King of the Gods
___ - consort to Amun & queen of the gods.
_____- the son of Amun and Mut; the god of the moon and time.
THEBAN TRIAD:
Amun - the King of the Gods
Mut - consort to Amun & queen of the gods.
Khons - the son of Amun and Mut; the god of the moon and time.
ABYDOS TRIAD:
____ - The god of the underworld.
____- The mother of Horus.
_____ - The child of Isis and Osiris.
ABYDOS TRIAD:
Osiris - The god of the underworld.
Isis - The mother of Horus.
Horus - The child of Isis and Osiris.
MEMPHIS TRIAD:
____ - The chief deity of Memphis & patron deity of craftsmen.
______ - The consort of Ptah & the giver of divine retribution,
vengeance, and conquest.
________ - the Protector of the two lands.
MEMPHIS TRIAD:
Ptah - The chief deity of Memphis & patron deity of craftsmen.
Sekhmet - The consort of Ptah & the giver of divine retribution,
vengeance, and conquest.
Nefertem - the Protector of the two lands.
MENKAURE TRIAD:
____ ________ - the last Great Pyramid builder
_____ - the goddess of music and love, is shown to the right of Menkaure, holding his hand.
MENKAURE TRIAD:
King Menkaure - the last Great Pyramid builder
Hathor - the goddess of music and love, is shown to the right of Menkaure, holding his hand.
The outstanding feature of the religion of the Egyptians was their strong belief in the ________.
The outstanding feature of the religion of the Egyptians was their strong belief in the afterlife.
_______________ was reserved for the richest and most powerful
in Egyptian society. The process was long and expensive. There
were three main people who took part in this process; the scribe,
the cutter, and the embalmer. It takes 70 days to prepare the
body for burial.
Mummification
Their belief: 1/2
- An _______ body is an integral part of a person’s ________ and
assuring themselves a successful _______ into the afterlife.
Their belief: 1/2
- An intact body is an integral part of a person’s afterlife and
assuring themselves a successful rebirth into the afterlife.
Their belief: 2/2
- Without a ________ body there is no _______, no ______, no
_______, no __________ and no _________.
Their belief: 2/2
- Without a physical body there is no shadow, no name, no
spirit, no personality and no immortality.
Mummies are contained in coffins called the ___________.
Mummies are contained in coffins called the sarcophagus.
In the case of Tutankhamun, his mummy was contained in _ coffins, each one within the next.
In the case of Tutankhamun, his mummy was contained in 3 coffins, each one within the next.
Tutankhamun’s coffin
The outer coffin was made of ______ wood covered with ____.
The outer coffin was made of gilded wood covered with gold.
Tutankhamun’s coffin
The middle coffin was made of _____
covered with ____, semi________ stones, glass and obsidian.
The middle coffin was made of wood
covered with gold, semiprecious stones, glass and obsidian.
Tutankhamun’s coffin
The inner coffin was made of solid gold and weighs ___ k. His death mask was made of solid gold and inlaid with semiprecious stones, it weighs __kilograms.
Tutankhamun’s inner coffin was made of solid gold and weighs 110 k. His death mask was made of solid gold and inlaid with semiprecious stones, it weighs 11 kilograms.
Everlasting monuments for the preservation of the dead are
manifested in the:
- ________ of the ____
- _____ pyramids of the _____
Everlasting monuments for the preservation of the dead are
manifested in the:
- Temple of the gods
- Tomb pyramids of the kings
The Kings of ancient Egypt are known as __________. ‘
The Kings of ancient Egypt are known as Pharaohs.
Pharaoh’ is a Greek word that is based on an Egyptian word that meant ‘_____ _______’.
‘Pharaoh’ is a Greek word that is based on an Egyptian word that meant ‘great house’.
The pharaohs have been divided into 30 dynasties
wut dynasty
- Ancient __________ (1-10)
- _______ Period (1-2)
The pharaohs have been divided into 30 dynasties.
- Ancient Kingdom (1-10)
- Archaic Period (1-2)
wut dynasty
- ___ Kingdom (3-6)
- Old Kingdom (3-6)
