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AP psych > Pages 21-23 > Flashcards

Pages 21-23 Flashcards

0
Q

Zajonc mere exposure effect

A

Repeated exposure to a novel stimulus increases one’s liking

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1
Q

Zimbardo prison experiment

A

Experiment on role-playing in a fake prison

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2
Q

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

A

The retina uses three different color receptors

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3
Q

Yerkes/Dodson arousal law

A

Arousal should be low for difficult tasks and high for easy tasks

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4
Q

Wundt

Structuralism

A

Analyze things in terms of simplest components

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5
Q

Whorf-theory of linguistic relativism (determinism)

A

Language that determines the way we think

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6
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive) location

A

The Wernicke’s area is in the left temporal lobe

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7
Q

Webers law

A

Two stimuli must differ by a percentage to be perceived as different

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8
Q

Visual cliff

A

Laboratory device for testing depth perception of infants

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9
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Sense of body position and movement; including balance

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10
Q 
Validity 
     •content 
     •predictive 
     •test-retest
     •internal
A

Extent to which a test measures what you should
• extent to which a test samples the behavior of interest
• success with which a test predicts the behavior it should
• how consistent a test is
• how well an experiment avoids confusion

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11
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

A caring, nonjudgmental attitude

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12
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

Women only born with the X chromosome; causes infertility and developmental abnormalities

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13
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of energy from one form to another

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14
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

Neurological disorder involving unwanted bodily movements or sounds

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15
Q

Token economy

A

Earning tokens for good behavior and exchanging them for rewards

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16
Q

Tip of the tongue effect

A

The failure to retrieve a word from memory, combined with a partial recall

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17
Q

Thalamus

A

The brain sensory switchboard that directs messages to the cortex

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18
Q

Testable hypothesis

A

A testable prediction often implied by theory

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19
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

A rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys the neurons in the brain and spinal cord

20
Q

Survey: systematic desensitization

A

Exposure therapy that combines relaxation with anxiety-triggering stimuli

21
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Fear of strangers that infants display

22
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

An anxiety producing event can cause a person to feel anxious on all events like it

23
Q

Stereotype

A

Overgeneralized belief about a group of people

24
Q

Statistical significance

A

How likely it is that and obtained result occurred by chance

25
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

The appearance of weakened CR after a pause

26
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Processes info from various systems in body that are sensitive to touch

27
Q

conversion (somatoform disorder)

A

Showing psychological stress in physical ways

28
Q

Somatization (somatoform disorder)

A

Pain and symptoms people feel but are not physically there

29
Q

Social facilitation

A

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

30
Q

Social exchange theory

A

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process; the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

31
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context

32
Q

Sleeper effect

A

Where a highly persuasive message, paired with a discounting cue, causes an individual to be more persuaded by the message overtime

33
Q

Sleep apnea (sleep disorders)

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

34
Q

Night terrors (sleep disorders)

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; occurred during NREM-3 sleep within two or three hours of falling asleep and are seldom remembered

35
Q

Insomnia (sleep disorders)

A

Reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep

36
Q

Narcolepsy (sleep disorders)

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

37
Q

Sleep brain waves

A

Delta {deep} waves- the large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Alpha {awake} waves- relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

38
Q

Signal detection theory

A

A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation. Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness

39
Q

Shaping

A

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcements guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

40
Q

Sexual identity (gender identity)

A

Our sense of being male or female

41
Q

Sexual characteristics: secondary

A

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics

42
Q

Sexual characteristics: primary

A

The bodily structures that make sexual reproduction possible

43
Q

Set point

A

The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

44
Q

Serial position effect

A

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items on the list

45
Q

Sensory adaption

A

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

46
Q

Semantic memory

A

The memory we have for general knowledge; information that is similar to that of a dictionary or encyclopedia

47
Q

Seligmans learned helplessness

A

The hopelessness and passive resignation that animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

48
Q

Self-serving bias

A

A readiness to proceive oneself favorably

AP psych (4 decks)

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