Pain Flashcards
(24 cards)
Sharp, pricking pain are picked up by which receptor(s)?
Thermal or mechanical receptors
Searing, diffusing pain are picked up by which receptors?
Polymodal
Thermal or mechanical receptors use ____-fibers and they are ____. On the other hand, polymodal receptors use ____-fibers and they are ____.
A; myelinated; c; unmyelinated
Chemical mediators/triggers of pain include…
*Together, they are referred to as the ____ ____.
- Histamine
- Proteins (bradykinin)
- prostaglandins
- serotonin
- cytokines
- neuropeptide (substance P)
- nerve growth factors
*Inflammatory soup
Damaged tissue releases ____ that activate ____ ____ in the skin.
Chemicals; nerve fibers (free nerve endings)
With touch, ____-fiber projects the signal all the way to ____ and cross the midline there.
A; medulla; c; spinal cord
Pain fibers synapse in the ____ ____, then cross the midline in the ____ ____.
Dorsal horn; spinal cord
____ tract carries the pain fibers to the thalamus
Spinalthalamic
____ pathway innervates areas of the brain concerned with emotion (amygdala, insular cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex)
Spinoparabrachial
Descending pain pathway goes through the ____ ____ (PAG)
Periaqueductal gray
Descending pathway release ____ (____) to inhibit the perception of pain
Endorphin (opioid)
Midbrain (PAG) is ____ to the medulla (Raphe nucleus) that ____ the dorsal horn neuron.
Excitatory (EPSP); inhibitory (IPSP)
As pain fiber fires ____ to the dorsal horn neuron, it ____ the dorsal horn neuron and projects the sensory info to the ____-____ tract
EPSP; excites; spino-thalamic
Referred pain is the EPSPs to the dorsal horn from pain fibers in ____, ____, or/and internal ____
Skin; muscle; organ
Shaking activates ____-fibers and inhibits ____-fibers, which can help with ____ pain.
A; C; referred
Female has a ____ detection threshold of pain, but are ____ tolerant to pain.
Lower; more
Empathetic spouse effect
When the pain is experienced with another person who’s considerate of the one experiencing the pain, there will be more pain perceived (and vice versa)
No signal in ____ ____ = no pain
Ion channel
Pain is a response to ____ ____ ____ of any type
Potentially harmful stimulation
NSAID and selective NSAID are ____-____, whereas narcotics (____) have direct effect on the ion channel.
Anti-inflammatory; opiates
Opiate is ____ ____, whereas opioid includes ____ (____).
Naturally occurring; everything (synthetics)
The ____ ____ (PAG) and ____ ____ (SC) has ____ receptors, which it can sense the chemical and ____ pain signals as the signal descends
Periaqueductal gray; Spinal cord; opioid; inhibit
Cannabis (____ and ____) has ____-____ effects, and the receptors for it is widely expressed throughout the ____.
THC; CBD; anti-inflammatory; brain
The brain has ____ tolerance to ____ than opioids
More; THC
