pain

Question 1

nociceptors

Answer 1

• free nerve endings present in most types of tisses that are activated by thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli
• for painful stimuli
• send impulses to dorsal horn of SC - carried to thalamus via spinothalamic tract - then to sensory cortex

Question 2

2 types of nociceptors

Answer 2

• a-delta fibers: transmit detailed info rapidly from peripehral cutaneous structures - sharp and localized pain signals
• c fibers: transmit info from deeper tissues (joints, viscera), slower - dull, aching, diffuse pain signals

Question 3

gate control theory

Answer 3

• A-delta and C fibers synapse with secondary neuron -> sends pain signal to brain
• also synapse w/ inhibitory interneuron at same junction: A-alpha and A-beta fibers input into inhibitory interneurons
• A-alpha and A-beta fibers can stimulate interneurons to inhibit pain signals to brain (closes gate)

Question 4

use of e-stim and massage as interventions for pain work using

Answer 4

• e-stim and massage use GCT by stimulating A-alpha and A-beta fibers

Question 5

how does viscerogenic pain differ from MSK pain

Answer 5

• does not change based on movement or positioning (MSK does)
• pain is diffuse and poorly localized - organs innervated from multiple SC levels, low density of nerve receptors
• systemic symptoms - NV, weight loss, pallor, profuse sweating, fever, abnormal vital signs

Question 6

kehr’s sign

Answer 6

• blood accumulates in abdominal caivty d/t spleen rupture
• pain referred to L shoulder by phrenic phrenic nerve C3-C5

Question 7

BMI

Answer 7