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NS 111 Exam 3 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

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0
Q

Definition: allopathic medicine

A

(Biomedicine) the term generally used to describe “traditional” medical care, dominant for about 100 years, which spearheaded remarkable advances in biotechnology, surgical interventions, pharmaceutical approaches, and diagnostic tools.

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1
Q

Definition: acupuncture

A

Procedure consisting of placing very thin, short, sterile needles at particular acupoints, believed to be centers of nerve and vascular tissue, along a meridian to either increase or decrease flow of chi along the meridian, restoring the balance of yin and yang, and thereby contributing to healing.

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2
Q

Definition: alternative modalities

A

Methods not included in the scope of conventional medical care.

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3
Q

Definition: aromatherapy

A

The use of essential oils of plants to treat symptoms.

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4
Q

Definition: aura

A

Consists of at least seven layers of energy that surround the body and relate to the chakras.

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5
Q

Definition: Ayurveda

A

A science of life that delineates the diet, medicines, and behaviors that are beneficial or harmful for life and considers that balance among people, the environment, and the larger cosmos is integral to human health.

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6
Q

Definition: chakra

A

Concentrated areas of energy aligned vertically in the body, which relate to each other as well as to specific areas of the body/mind/spirit.

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7
Q

Definition: chiropractic medicine

A

Science that investigates the relationship between structure (the spine) and function (mainly the nervous system) of the human body to restore and preserve health.

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8
Q

Definition: complementary therapies

A

(Alternative Therapies) alternative treatments used with traditional medical interventions.

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9
Q

Definition: dosha

A

The patient’s basic condition; understanding dosha is central to Ayurvedic medicine.

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10
Q

Definition: Healing Touch (HT)

A

Uses a collection of energy techniques to assess and treat the human energy system, thereby affecting physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health and healing.

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11
Q

Definition: holism

A

Theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole.

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12
Q

Definition: holistic nursing

A

Nursing practice built on a holistic philosophy.

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13
Q

Definition: homeopathy

A

Practice of medicine based on the belief of supporting the body while the symptoms are allowed to “run their course” to stimulate and strengthen the immune system and promote healing.

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14
Q

Definition: imagery

A

Using all five senses to imagine an event or body process unfolding according to a plan.

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15
Q

Definition: Integrative care

A

Care that uses some combination of allopathic and complementary/alternative modalities.

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16
Q

Definition: intercessory prayer

A

Involves praying for the benefit of another person to Judeo-Christian God.

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17
Q

Definition: meridian

A

Part of an intricate structure of 72 energy circuits that nourish and support all cells and organs of the body, through which Qi flows vertically in the body.

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18
Q

Definition: Naturopathic Medicine

A

A relatively new system of medicine that is not only a system of medicine but also a way of life, with emphasis on patient responsibility, patient education, health maintenance, and disease prevention.

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19
Q

Definition: Qi

A

Represents an invisible flow of energy that circulates through plants, animals, and people, as well as the earth and sky.

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20
Q

Definition: Qi gong

A

System of posture, exercise (both gentle and dynamic), breathing techniques, and visualization that regulates the Qi.

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21
Q

Definition: relaxation response

A

An alert, hypometabolic state of decreased sympathetic nervous system arousal, which can also be viewed as the opposite of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome response.

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22
Q

Definition: shamanism

A

A belief that illness originates in the spirit world and usually involves a loss of power; treatment consists of first, restoring the individual’s power, and second, treating symptoms.

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23
Q

Definition: Therapeutic Touch

A

(TT) an alternative therapy that involves using one’s hands to consciously direct an energy exchange from the practitioner to the patient to facilitate healing or pain relief.

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24
Definition: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Healing system that believes the interaction of people with their environment is most significant in creating health.
25
Definition: Yin-yang
Energy forces in Chinese teaching that must be in balance for good health; expression of strong motions results in disharmony and imbalance between these forces.
26
Physical Therapy
Specialized movements to strengthen weak areas of the body, often through resistance training.
27
Yoga
An Indian practice of meditative stretching and posing.
28
Pilates
A resistance regimen that strengthens core muscles.
29
Tai Chi
A slow, flowing Chinese practice that improves balance.
30
Feldenkrais
A therapy that builds efficiency of movement.
31
Anti-inflammatory diet
A Mediterranean eating pattern high in whole grains, fresh fruits, leafy vegetables, and olive oil.
32
Omega-3 fatty acids
Nutrients abundant in fish oil and flaxseed that reduce inflammation in the body.
33
Ginger
A root that inhibits pain-causing molecules.
34
Turmeric
A spice that reduces inflammation
35
MSM (Methsulfonylmethane)
A naturally occurring nutrient that helps build bone and cartilage.
36
Meditation
Focusing the mind on something specific (such as breathing or repeating a word or phrase) to quiet it.
37
Biofeedback
With a special machine, becoming err to body processes, such as muscle tightening, to learn to control them.
38
Reiki
Moving a practitioners hands over the energy fields of the clients body to increase energy flow and restore balance.
39
Osteopathy
Realigning vertebrae, ribs, and other joints, as with. chiropractic; osteopaths have training equivalent to that of medical doctors.
40
Sleep hygiene
Creating an optimal sleep environment to get deep, restorative rest; strategies include establishing a regular sleep-wake schedule and minimizing light and noise.
41
Anesthesia
Agent that produces states such as loss of consciousness, analgesia, realization, and loss of reflexes.
42
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion or collapse of part of the lungs.
43
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Formation of a blood clot ("thrombus") in a deep vein.
44
Elective Surgery
Surgery that is recommended but can be omitted or delayed without catastrophe.
45
Embolus
Blood clot, foreign body, or air in the circulatory system; pleural form is emboli.
46
Emergency Surgery
Surgery that must be performed immediately to save the persons life or a body organ.
47
Hemorrhage
Excessive blood loss due to the escape of blood from blood vessels.
48
Hypothermia
Low body temperature
49
Moderate Sedation/Analgesia
(Conscious or procedural sedation) used for short term and minimally invasive procedures.
50
Optional surgery
One not critical to survive or function
51
Perioperative Surgery
Wide variety of nursing activities carried out before, during, and after surgery.
52
Perioperative Period
Three phases of perioperative patient care including the perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
53
Pneumonia
Inflammation or infection of the lungs
54
Shock
Body's reaction to acute peripheral circulatory failure due to an abnormality of circulatory control or to a loss of circulating fluid.
55
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation in a vein associated with thrombus formation.
56
Urgent Surgery
Surgery that is notable emergency, but must be done within a reasonably short time frame to preserve health.
57
American Pain Foundation
Raises awareness about pain for people with pain and healthcare professionals.
58
American Pain Society
Provides current information about pain, including position statements and patient guides.
59
American society for pain management nursing (ASPMN)
Promotes education, research, advocacy, and development of pain management standards.
60
The city of hope pain/Palliative care resource center
Discusses pain assessment tools, pain management, and end of life care; has free publications and patient education materials.
61
The national foundation for the treatment of pain.
Support for patients with intractable pain and their caregivers.
62
NIH pain consortium
Extensive review of research and current pain study findings.
63
American chronic pain association
Information about support groups for people with pain.
64
Acute pain
Episode of pain that lasts from seconds to less than 6 months.
65
Addiction
A pattern of compulsive use of addictive substances for means other than those prescribed.
66
Adjuvant
Drugs typically used for other purposes, but also used to enhance the effect of opioids by providing additional pain relief.
67
Analgesic
Pharmaceutical agent used to relieve pain.
68
Breakthrough pain
Temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around the clock medication for persistent pain.
69
Chronic pain
Episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous.
70
Cutaneous pain
Superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue.
71
Dynorphin
The endorphin having the most potent analgesic effect.
72
Endorphins
Morphine-like substances released by the body that appear to alter the perception of pain.
73
Enkephalins
Opioids that are widespread throughout the brain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord and are believed to reduce pain sensation by inhibiting the release of substance P.
74
Exacerbation
Period on chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear.
75
Gate control theory
Theory that explains that excitatory pain stimuli carried by small-diameter nerve fibers can be blocked by inhibiting signals carried by large-diameter nerve fibers.
76
Intractable
Severe pain that is extremely resistant to relief measures.
77
Modulation
Process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified.
78
Neuromodulators
Endogenous opioid chemical regulators that appear to have analgesic activity that alter pain perception.
79
Neuropathic pain
Pain that results from an injury to or abnormal functioning of peripheral nerves or central nervous system.
80
Neurotransmitters
Substances that either excite or inhibit target nerve cells.
81
Nociceptors
Pain receptors
82
Opioid
More correct term for narcotic analgesics, since these drugs act by binding to opiate receptor sites in the central nervous system.
83
Pain threshold
Amount of stimulation required before a person experiences the sensation of pain.
84
Pain tolerance
Point beyond which a person is no longer willing to endure pain.
85
Perception
Conscious process if organizing and interpreting data from the senses into meaningful information.
86
Phantom pain
Sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathologic substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb.
87
Physical dependence
Phenomenon in which the body physiologically becomes accustomed to an opioid and suffers withdrawl symptoms if the opioid is suddenly removed or the dose is rapidly decreased.
88
Psychogenic pain
Pain for which no physical cause can be identified.
89
Referred pain
Pain in an area removed from that in which stimulation has its origin.
90
Remission
Period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms of the disease.
91
Somatic pain
Pain originating in structures in the body'a external wall.
92
Tolerance
Occurrence of the body's becoming accustomed to an opioid and needing a larger dose each time for pain relief.
93
Transduction
Activation of pain receptors
94
Transmission
Conduction of pain sensations from the site of an injury or inflammation along clear and unclear pathways to the spinal cord and then on to higher centers.
95
Visceral pain
Pertaining to inner organs.

NS 111 Exam 3 (3 decks)

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