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From Flashcardlet > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

A-alpha 1a

A
  • Myelinated
  • muscle spindle
  • change in length
  • 12-20 mm
  • 70-120 ms
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2
Q

A-alpha 1b

A
  • myelinated
  • GTO
  • 12-20 mm
  • 70-120 ms
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3
Q

A-beta

A
  • myelinated
  • skin
  • soft touch, vibration, hair deflection
  • 6-12 mm
  • 30-75 ms
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4
Q

A-delta

A
  • myelinated
  • skin
  • sharp pain, temp, pressure
  • 1-6 mm
  • 6-40 ms “fast pain”
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5
Q

C

A
  • unmyelinated
  • skin, soft tissue, periosteum
  • ## dull and diffuse pain
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6
Q

Thalamus

A
  • identifies and sorts pain info via STT
  • relays sensory and motor signal to cortex
  • “information processing”
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7
Q

3 Types of superficial sensory receptors

A

Mechano, thermo, nocio

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8
Q

Superficial Mechanoreceptors

A
  • Meissner’s and Pacinian Corpuscles, ruffini endings

- Pressure, skin stretch, and touch

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9
Q

Superficial Thermoreceptors

A
  • cold and hot receptors

- temp and temp change

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10
Q

superficial nocioceptors

A
  • free nerve endings

- pain

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11
Q

deep proprioceptors

A
  • GTO, muscle spindle, pacinian corpuscles, ruffini endings

- muscle length, joint position, joint end range

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12
Q

deep nocioreceptors

A
  • free nerve endings

- pain

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13
Q

deep mechanoreceptors

A
  • GTO, muscle spindles, pacinian corpuscles

- muscle change, ligamentous deformation

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14
Q

2 somatosensory pathways and functions

A
  • Dorsal column-medial lemniscus (mechano and propriception)

- spinothalamic tract (thermo and nocio)

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15
Q

Order of Transmisison for Dorsal column/medial lemniscus

A

Peripheral receptor (mechano & proprio) -> dorsal root ganglion -> dorsal root -> dorsal white column -> medulla -> cross over midline at gracilis & cuneatus -> medial lemniscus -> pons -> cerebellum -> midbrain -> thalamus (3rd) -> somatosensory motor cortex

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16
Q

Paleothalamic and Neothalamic tract order

A

“slow pain” - peripheral sensory receptor -> laminae II & III (substantia gelatinosa, start of 2nd)) -> laminae I & II -> up lateral (pain & temp) -> medulla (medial lemniscus) -> pons -> cerebellum -> thalamus (3rd) -> somatosensory motor cortex

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17
Q

Substance P

A
  • in synapse

- activate transmission of pain producing impulses of 2nd order neuron

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18
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • transmits motor nerve impulse in PNS and CNS
19
Q

Enkephalins

A
  • Reduces pain perception by binding to pain receptor sites
20
Q

Norepinepherine

A
  • vasoconstriction

- underlies “fight or flight”

21
Q

Endorphins

A
  • morphine-like

- increases pain threshold by binding to receptor sites

22
Q

Serotonin

A
  • cause local vasodilation

- increase capillary permeabilities

23
Q

3 Pain Theories

A
  • Gate control
  • Central biasing theory
  • Endogenous opiates theory
24
Q

Gate control theory

A
  • ascending pain mechanism
  • located in substantia gelatinosa
  • faster impulses reach gate firs to inhibit slower pain impulses
  • activate more A-beta than C
25
Q

Gate Theory treatment

A
  • TENS -> activate larger neurons
  • Deep/superficial heat -> pain relief
  • joint mobilizations (gr I & II) -> stim. mechano to block pain
26
Q

Decending pain control mechanism

A
  • Periaquaductal Gray Area (PGA in midbrain) release enkephalins
  • Nucleus Raphe Magnus (NRM in pons and medulla) release serotonin
  • Release of these inhibit ascending neurons
27
Q

Central biasing theory

A
  • descending activated by stim. of delta and C neurons
  • cause release of enkephalins (PAG) and serotonin (NRM) to inhibit pain
  • Enkephalin interneuron release in SG to block Delta & C
28
Q

4 influences of pain perception

A
  • physical
  • chemical
  • social
  • psychological
29
Q

Endogenous opiates theory

A
  • release of enkephalins (CNS) and beta-endorphins (pituitary gland)
  • block ascending nerve impulses
30
Q

Electrical Stimulation uses

A
  1. stimulate BETAs with TENS (gate theory)
  2. noxious pain causes release of endogenous opiates
  3. fatigue muscle to stop pain-spasm-pain cycle
  4. reduce edema by decreasing fluid pressure on nocio
  5. iontophoresis
31
Q

Myocardial Infarction RP

A

neck, jaw, left UE

32
Q

spleen RP

A

left shoulder

33
Q

Appendicitis RP

A

R. lower quadrant and groin

34
Q

Pacreatitis RP

A

L. shoulder, low back mid left ab

35
Q

Choecystitis (Gallbladder) RP

A

R. shoulder and midscapular region

36
Q

Renal (kidney) RP

A

low back, L. shoulder

37
Q

stomach and upper duodenum

A

L. shoulder

38
Q

10 subjective pain assessment items

A

duration, freq, intensity, description, chief complaint, patterns, activity affects, how better or worse, previous experience, and night pain

39
Q

4 objective pain assessment items

A
  • visual analog scale (VAS)
  • Pain disability index
  • McGill Questionnaire (chronic pain)
  • Pain body diagrams
40
Q

Why use disablement model?

A
  • Consistent terminology across disciplines
41
Q

Active pathology

A

intrinsic or pathology disorder

42
Q

impairment

A

anatomical, physiological, mental, or emotional, abnormality or loss

43
Q

Functional limitation

A
  • limitation of perfomance at the level of the whole orgaism or person
44
Q

Disability

A

limitation in performance of socially defined roles and tasks within a sociocultural and physical environment

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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