Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nurs 216 > Pain & Inflammation > Flashcards

Pain & Inflammation Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

1st step

A

Assess pain- scale of 0-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

<4/10

A

non-opioid meds (NSAIDs, Tylenol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4-6/10

A

opioids, PO route (codeine, morphine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

> 6/10

A

higher potent opioids, IV route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pain treatment: Analgesia

A

stops pain signal transmission @ peripheral and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peripheral level

A

non-opioid, NSAIDs- treatment for low-moderate pain, high efficacy for inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CNS level

A

Acetaminophen, opioids (narcotics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acetaminophen

A

tylenol - centrally acting analgesic (not NSAID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acetaminophen Absorption

A

PO good bioavailability, peak plasma concentration after 30-60 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acetaminophen Distribution

A

well distributed, low PPB (20%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acetaminophen Metabolism

A 
active metabolite through hepatic metabolism 
toxic metabolite (N-acetyl benzo) is phase 2 metabolized by glutathione conjugation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acetaminophen Excretion

A

renal excretion, 2-3 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Opioids (morphine-like) as analgesic

A

are agonists, lock-key fit into receptors (mu, kappa, delta), fits into receptor decreasing release of substance p = less action potenial=less pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acetaminophen metabolite metabolism

A

phase 1 -> hydrolyze into N-acetyl-p-benzo. (hepatotoxic) -> Phase 2-> glutathione enzyme conjugation produces inactive metabolite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mu receptor: effect, agonist, and antagonist

A

effect- analgesia, euphoria, low abuse potential, bradycardia, hypothermia
agonist- endorphins, morphine, synthetic opioids
antagonist- naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Kappa receptor: effect, agonist, and antagonist

A

effect- analgesia, sedation, low abuse potential, diuresis
agonists- dynorphins
antagonist- naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Delta receptor: effect, agonist, and antagonist

A

effect- analgesia, depression of ventilation, physical dependence, constipation
agonists- enkephalins
antagonist- naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

opioids meds

A

used for moderate to severe pain, also in general anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High efficacy opioids

A

mu-receptor agonists ex. fentanyl, meperidine, morphine, methadone, tramadol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mod. efficacy opioids

A

hydrocodone, combination drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Low efficacy opioids

Study These Flashcards
A

codeine, Tylenol 1-4

22
Q

Combination drugs

Study These Flashcards
A

synergy effect ex. percocet (oxycodone+acetaminophen), percodan (oxycodone+ ASA), vicodin (hydrocodone + acetaminophen), tramacet (tramadol+acetaminophen), T 1-4 (oxycodone+acetaminophen+caffeine)

23
Q

GI pain

Study These Flashcards
A

med: dicyclomine (muscarinic antagonist, GI smooth muscle relaxant)

24
Q

MI pain

Study These Flashcards
A

med: morphine (opioid, decreased vasoconstriction=low bp & co)

25
opioid side effects
CNS depression (sedation, low rr, hr, bp & loc, pupillary constriction), nausea & vomitting, pruritus (itchy), constipation, urinary retention, & euphoria
26
opioid antagonists
no efficacy, block opioid receptors from binding. clinical use: resp. depression, sedation and hypotension ex. naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene
27
Tx for overdose
Naloxone: 2-4 min onset, 45 min duration, half-life of 60-90 min
28
Tx for addiction
Naltrexone
29
NSAIDs
prostaglandin target, useful if pain is associated w inflammation caused by cellular injury
30
prostaglandins
lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection by COX enzyme
31
COX 1
found in all tissues, protects gastric mucosa, supports kidney function, & promotes platlet aggregation produces baseline prostaglandin
32
COX 2
present at site of tissue injury, mediates inflammation, sensitizes pain receptors, mediates fever in brain produces prostaglandin at site of injury
33
selective COX 2 inhibitor
only inhibits COX 2 not COX 1. passes BBB to treat fever and doesnt affect gastric mucosa or kidney function ex. celecoxib
34
Non-selective COX inhibitors (NSAIDs)
inhibits both COX 1 & 2. increased risk of gastric bleeding and reduced kidney function ex. Acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin
35
Acetylsalicylic acid & examples of uses
aspirin (enteric coated) | ex. low dose antithrombotic (cardiac treatment), low-moderate joint pain
36
Ibuprofen & examples of uses
advil | ex. headache (first used in migraine protocol), soft tissue swelling (tx for sprains)
37
Indomethacin & examples of uses
ibuprofen-like | ex. moderate-severe joint pain (arthritis, gout)
38
NSAID precautions and interventions
monitor LIVER FUNCTION, KIDNEY FUNCTION, for symptoms of salicylism (toxicity), monitor complete blood count
39
NSAID side effects
indigestion, gastric ulcers & bleeding, decreased kidney function, drowsiness
40
ASA
works in acidic conditions. Not used in children can cause Reye's syndrome=liver and brain problems
41
Natural glucocorticoids
lipophilic endogenous hormone from adrenal cortex. nuclear receptor binding since it enters the cell
42
Natural glucocorticoid metabolic effects
for survival during fasting, stimulates gluconeogenesis (converting non carb. substrates into glucose), stimulates protein degradation, facilitates lipolysis
43
Glucocorticoids as drug
more potent than endogenous. high efficacy for anti inflammation, PO/IV
44
Glucocorticoids as drug MOA
suppress histamine release, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition (COX-2), suppress phagocytes/lymphocytes
45
short acting glucocorticoids (-one)
hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone
46
long acting glucocorticoids (-one)
dexamethasone
47
glucocorticoids ADME
lipophilic -> hydrophilic via metabolism = easily excreted highly PPB Prodrug: Prednisone-> Prednisolone
48
Glucocorticoid uses
- Inflammation (IBD, Lupus) ex. dexamethasone (PO, low dose, daily) - Joint Pain ex. cortisone injections - Anaphylaxis, stabilization of patient post anaphylactic shock ex. prednisolone IV, follow by PO prednisone x 3 days
49
intranasal glucocorticoids
allergic rhinitis, few side effects since low systemic distribution ex. budenoside, fluticasone, mometasone
50
inhaled glucocorticoids
for asthma ex. pulmicort (budenoside)

Nurs 216 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions