Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

fundamentals exam 5 > pain management > Flashcards

pain management Flashcards

1
Q

physiologic effects of pain

A

hyperglycemia, increased cardiac workload, immune system dysfunction, altered coagulation, GI ileus, urinary retention, decreased lung volume and fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

psychological effects of pain

A

social isolation, disability and lost work productivity, decrease in quality of life, depression, and demoralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pain is

A

“whatever the experiencing person says it is, exciting whenever he (or she) says to does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physiology of pain: four processes

A

transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

transduction

A

converts noxious stimuli to electrical impulses (move from periphery nociceptors to dorsal horn of the spinal cord), nociceptors are stimulated by release of histamine, lactic acid, bradykinin, prostaglandins, substance P, serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nociceptors are stimulated by release of

A

histamine, lactic acid, bradykinin, prostaglandins, substance P, serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

transmission

A

A delta fibers, C fibers, reflex arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

perception

A

individual interpretation of stimuli, increased sensitivity to thermal pain and reduced subcutaneous lidocaine efficacy in redheads, adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

modulation

A

regulation or inhibitor of pain sensation, neuromodulators (endogenous opioid compounds) endorphins/ enkephalins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

gate control theory

A

provides ideas for pain relief emphasizing multiple dimensions of pain; relationship between pain and emotions; sensory, emotional, behavioral, cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

types of pain: duration

A

acute, chronic/ malignant- nonmalignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of pain: source

A

cutaneous, somatic, visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

types of pain: mode of transmission

A

referred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

types of pain: etiology

A

nociceptive, neuropathic, psychogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a patient who has bone cancer is most likely experiencing which of the following types of pain?

A

somatic, pain is scattered throughout the bones, tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cutaneous pain is

A

superficial. ex. paper cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

somatic pain is

A

diffuse/ scattered. ex. sprained ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

visceral pain is

A

body organs due to stretch/ spasm. ex. cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neuropathic pain is

A

abnormal function of peripheral nervous system or central nervous system/ burning, electric/ tingling/ stabbing

20
Q

allodynia is

A

pain after non-painful stimuli

21
Q

Nociceptive pain is

A

caused by damage to body tissue/ caused by an external injury

22
Q

psychogenic pain

A

cause of pain can not be identified

23
Q

intractable pain

A

pain whose cause cannot be removed/ difficult to treat or manage/ constant pain/ so severe effects eating and sleeping. ex. migraine, headaches, tension headaches

24
Q

5th vital sign

A

patients verbalization and description of the pain: duration, location, quantity, intensity, quality, aggravating factors, alleviating factors, behavioral responses, effect of pain

25
Q

examples of nursing diagnosis for pain

A

acute pain r/t midsternal surgical incision/ anxiety r/t pain anticipation and inadequate pain management in the past

26
Q

non pharmacological interventions for pain

A

music, cold, heat, acupressure, positioning, hypnosis, therapeutic touch, humor, massage, distraction

27
Q

non-opioids

A

aspirin, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids

28
Q

adjuvant analgesics

A

tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, caffeine, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, antiemetic

29
Q

opioid analgeics

A

morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, meperidine, fentanyl, methadone

30
Q

opioid antagonist

A

naloxone

31
Q

invasive pain management: PCA

A

patient controlled analgesia: intravenous, nerve block, epidural, intrathecal

32
Q

invasive pain management, PCA, used to control

A

postop pain, chronic non malignant pain, severe cancer pain

33
Q

to be able to use PCA, patient must

A

be cognitively able to manage pushing the clicker for analgesia administration

34
Q

RNs do what with PCA

A

set up, educate, monitor, advocate

35
Q

opioid side effects, most serious

A

respiratory depression, apnea, respiratory arrest, circulatory depression, hypotension, shock

36
Q

opioid side effects, common

A

constipation, N/V, sedation, dizziness, pruritus, headache, dry mouth

37
Q

opioid physical dependence

A

withdrawal syndrome arises if drug discontinued, dose substantially reduced, or antagonist administered

38
Q

opioid tolerance

A

greater amount of drug needed to maintain therapeutic effect, or loss of effect over time

39
Q

opioid pseudoaddiction

A

behavior suggestive of addiction; caused by undertreatment of pain

40
Q

opioid addiction (psychological dependence)

A

psychiatric disorder characterized by continued compulsive use of substance despite harm

41
Q

numeric sedation scale (POSS)

A

pasero opioid induced sedation scale: S, 1., 2., 3., 4.

42
Q

numeric sedation scale (POSS) S.

A

sleep, easy to arouse: no action necessary

43
Q

numeric sedation scale (POSS) 1.

A

awake and alert; no action necessary

44
Q

numeric sedation scale (POSS) 2.

A

occasionally drowsy, but easy to arouse; no action necessary

45
Q

numeric sedation scale (POSS) 3.

A

frequently drowsy, drifts off to sleep during conversation; reduce dosage

46
Q

numeric sedation scale (POSS) 4.

A

somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli; discontinue opioid, consider use of naloxone

47
Q

an hour after a patient received 2 mg of IV morphine, the nurse assesses that the patient is frequently drowsy and drifts off during his conversation with he nurse. What number on the sedation scale best describes this patient?

A

3

fundamentals exam 5 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions