Pain Management Flashcards
(23 cards)
Localized pain
pain confined to the site of origin
Projected pain
pain along a specific nerve or nerves
Radiating pain
diffuse pain around the site or origin that is not well localized
Referred pain
pain perceived in an area distant from the site of painful stimuli
C-fibers
conduct thermal, chemical, and strong mechanical impulses.
- pain conduction is slow, more widespread, dull, burning, or achy
- usually produce persistent pain
A-fibers
Rapid, sharp, pricking, or piercing sensations
- easily localized to a well defined area
- mechanical nocireceptors
Nociceptive pain
either visceral or somatic
- Somatic pain arises from the skin and musculoskeletal structures
- Visceral pain arises from the organs
Neuropathic pain
results from some type of nerve injury
- is divided into centrally or peripherally generated pain
When is a nonopioid given?
mild-moderate pain
The most reliable assessment of pain
self report
PO pain medication should be reassessed when?
within 1 hour
IV pain medication should be reassessed when?
15-30 minutes
Addiction
characterized by impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving
Pseudoaddiction
an iatrogenic syndrome created by the undertreatment of pain.
-Characterized by: Anger and escalating demands
Tolerance
a state of adaptation in which the exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a decrease in one or more of the drugs effects over time
Physical dependance
a withdrawal syndrome, can be caused by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of a drug, or the administration of an antagonist
metastasis
spread of disease
Breakthrough pain
the patient experiences pain between scheduled doses of the drug regimen
According to POSS sedation scale, is there any necessary action to be taken if patient is frequently drowsy but arousable and drifts off to sleep during conversation. If so, what?
Unacceptable, monitor respiratory status and sedation level closely; decrease opioid dose to 25-50% or notify MD; ask patient to take deep breaths every 15-30 seconds
4 steps of pain
Transduction - where pain first occurs
Transmission - fiber to fiber
Perception of pain - person notices and interprets pain
Modulation - the release of neurotransmitters to alleviate the pain
FLACC Scale
The most commonly used behavioral pain measure F - Facial expression L - Leg movement A - Activity C - Cry C - Consolability
How do albumin levels effect toxicity of a drug?
Many drugs are protein bound, so low albumin levels causes more free drug (active form) available increasing the risk for side effects.
If a patient describes their pain as feeling like “pins and needles”, what kind of pain are they most likely experiencing?
neuropathic pain
