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Pharmacology PN2 > Pain Meds > Flashcards

Pain Meds Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID

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2
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID

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3
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

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4
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID

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5
Q

Meloxican

A

NSAID

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6
Q

Piroxican

A

NSAID

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7
Q

Ketoprofen

A

NSAID

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8
Q

Which medication(s) get prioritized?

A

Antiduretics and Microbial

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9
Q

Celecoxib

A

Second Generation NSAID (selective COX-2 inhibitor)

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10
Q

What can COX-1 result in?

A

Decreased platelet aggregation & kidney damage

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11
Q

What does COX-2 result in?

A

Suppresses inflammation, mild to moderate pain, dysmenorrhea and fever reduction

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12
Q

Complications of NSAIDS

A

-damage to gastric mucosa can lead to GI bleed
-risks increased if smoke or drink or have history with peptic ulcers

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13
Q

Nurses actions to complications of NSAIDS?

A

-observe for GI bleeding, black tarry stool and abdominal pain N+V
-administer PPI (-prazole) or H2 antagonist (-iodine)

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14
Q

Teach the client about what when taking NSAIDs?

A

Take with food or 8oz of water or Milk and avoid alcohol

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15
Q

Complication of NSAIDs: kidney

A

Impaired kidney function- look for decreased urine output, weight gain from fluid retention, increased BUN & creatine levels

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16
Q

NSAID dose for patients with CV disease?

A

Use the smallest effective dose

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17
Q

Manifestations with NSAIDS?

A

Tinnitus, sweating, headache, dizziness, and respiratory alkalosis

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18
Q

Aspirin antidote?

A

Charcoal

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19
Q

How and where is an aspirin toxicity managed?

A

As a medical emergency in the hospital

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20
Q

Signs of aspirin toxicity

A

Fever, sweating and dehydration

Cool patient with tepid water when fever occurs

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21
Q

Interactions with NSAIDs

A

Anticoagulants: heparin and warfarin INCREASE risk of bleeding

Monitor PPT, PT and INR and alert client of risk of bleeding

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22
Q

What can you not take concurrently with Aspirin?

A

Ibuprofen

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23
Q

OTC interactions with NSAIDs?

A

Feverfew, garlic and ginger can increase risk for bleeding

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24
Q

To avoid interaction what should you tell the to patient do?

A

Notify HCP of any OTC, vitamins or herbal supplements

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25
What does Acetaminophen do?
-slows the production of prostaglandins in the CNS -relieves pain, preferred NSAID for children w/ viral infection -reduce fever
26
Complications of acetaminophen
Liver damage
27
Liver damage manifestations?
N+V, diarrhea, sweating, and abdominal discomfort, hepatic failure, coma, and death
28
When does hepatic injury appear after an acetaminophen acute toxicity?
48-72 hours
29
Daily acetaminophen total intake
4 g/day for most clients 3 g/day for malnourished 2 g/day for 3+servings of alcohol daily
30
Acetaminophen antidote
Acetylcysteine via duodenal tube to prevent emesis and aspiration
31
Precautions when giving acetaminophen
Avoid in patients w -hypersensitivity, -severe liver impairment/disease, -impaired kidney, -chronic alcohol use and malnutrition
32
What does acetaminophen do to warfarin and heparin
Slows the metabolism of warfarin which increases levels of warfarin -monitor prothrombin time & INR levels -observe for bleeding indications (bruising, petechiae, hematuria)
33
Alcohol does what with acetaminophen ?
Increases the risk of liver damage
34
Tolerance
A normal biological adaptation to long-term use of a drug
35
Physical dependence
Normal physiological response that that ppl experience after a week or more of continuous opioid use
36
Somatic Pain
Localized in the muscles or bones
37
Visceral pain
Organ pain; ex. cramping/pressure, bowel obstruction & tumors in the lung
38
Neuropathic pain
-Associated w injury to PNS or CNS -poorly localized and may be along nerve pathway -occurs in patients w fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy and shingles -fees like numbing, tingling, sharp, shooting or shocklike.
39
Agonists
Stimulators Ex. Meperidine (Demerol)
40
Antagonists
Blockers
41
What do opioid and opioid combinations do?
Bind to opioid receptors in the CNS to alter perception of pain
42
Nursing implications for opioids and opioid combinations?
-can be combined with non opioid -monitor vitals, level of sedation & RR -Encourage fluids & fiber to prevent contipation -Never crush extended release tabs
43
Codeine (in Tylenol)
Contraindicated in pediatric patients
44
Fentanyl
Sublimaze, Duragesic -avoid patch in patients with fever..heat increases absorption -transdermal & IV -relieve post operative care & stable chronic pain -path lasts up to 48-72hrs
45
Hydromorphone
Dilaudid, Exalgo Opioid
46
Methadone
Dolophine Long acting (bone pain)
47
Tramadol
Ultram Opioid Lowers seizure threshold
48
Corticosteroids
Toxic to some cancer cells; reduce pain by decreasing inflammation End in -one Administer with food
49
Benzodiazepines
Treat anxiety or muscle spasms associated with pain End in -Pam and -lam Can cause sedation & increase risk of falls No driving or heavy lifting
50
Tricyclic antidepressant
Help relieve neuropathic pain End in -ine
51
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
Treats nerve pain and depression Ex. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Takes weeks to feel desired effects
52
Anticonvulsants
Treat nerve pain Must be taken regularly
53
Which opioid are controlled released?
Oxycodone (OxyContin) & Morphine (MS Contin
54
Naloxone
Narcan -opioid antagonist that reverses or antagonizes effect of opioid -treats overdose -check RR; if less than 12RR, pinpoint pupils notify HCP -opioid & alcohol increase respiratory depression coma and death
55
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA
Bolus -only patient can push to dispense pain med
56
Heat
-increases circulation, induce muscle relaxation -contradicted in trauma bc it causes swelling by vasodilation -don’t apply directly to the skin
57
Cold
Reduces swelling, bleeding and pain in new injury
58
Massages and exercise
Stretches and regain muscle tendon length and relaxes muscles
59
2/10
Mild pain
60
5/10
Moderate pain
61
9/10
Severe pain

Pharmacology PN2 (1 decks)

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