Pain Physiology

Question 1

The transfer of energy from one form to another (starts at point of injury)

Answer 1

Transduction

Question 2

Impulse travels length of axon

Answer 2

Transduction

Question 3

The process of alterations in the pain signals along the transmission pathway of pain

Answer 3

Modulation

Question 4

Order of nociception

Answer 4

Transduction -energy starts (action potential)
transmission
Perception
Modulation

Question 5

Impulses transmitted, via the spinophthalmic tract to the brainstem and synapse in the thalamus, and the medulla

Answer 5

Perception

Question 6

Sensory fibers

Answer 6

Transmission of pain signals

Question 7

He’s sending signals from Neuro transmitters block or partially blocked transmission of pain impulses to mitigate pain

Answer 7

Modulation

Question 8

Things that may modulate pain

Answer 8

Endogenous opioids
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Acetylcholine
Oxytocin

Question 9

Traumatic injury and external stimulus convert to electrical signal that patient can perceive as pain

Answer 9

Transduction

Question 10

Unrelieved pain in pregnancy can cause the release of catecholamines that can result in:

Answer 10

Preterm labor - by releasing stress hormones that can cause uterine irritability and preterm labor

Question 11

After undergoing a lobectomy for lung cancer unrelieved pain can cause a cascade of events such as

Answer 11

Increased amounts of cortisol, increased catecholamines, increased glucagon, growth hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and decrease and insulin production. The endocrine system regulates metabolic activities and releases hormones, which regulate various functions int he body while maintaining homeostasis. Unrelieved pain produces stress response as noted. The end result is catabolism - breakdown of nutrients to produce energy.