pak Flashcards
(26 cards)
How do enzymes work?
They work by by lowering the free energy of activation (causes the reaction to need less energy to yield products)
What is the difference between the amount of molecules that reach the transition state in a reaction with a enzyme vs a reaction without a enzyme?
No enzyme
Few reactant molecules reach transition state
Enzyme
- Many reactant molecules reach transition state
Does the free energy of the overall reaction differ between the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions of the same reaction?
No, ΔG does not change before and after adding an enzyme
What are substrates?
The substrates of an enzyme are the reactants that are activated by the enzyme.
What determines the specifity of enzymes?
The specificity is determined by the active site
What are the two ways which catalysts/enzymes accelerate the reaction?
Lower the activation energy
Increase the probability of the molecules having a favorable orientation to react ((stabilize transition state intermediates).
What are the two factors inside the active site that makes reactions proceed more easily?
Shape and chemical enviroment
What is the difference between the lock and key hypothesis and Induced fit hypothesis?
Lock and key: The active site of the enzyme and substrate have the same exact shape
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Induced: The active site of the enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate
What are the three types of enzyme specifity?
Absolute, group, linkage
What is the difference between the three types of enzyme linkage and give me an example?
What are the 6 major classes of enzymes?
“Only The Happy Lions In Lions’ Den
What are the three things that affects enzyme activity?
Three factors:
1. Environmental Conditions
2. Co-factors and Co-enzymes 3. Enzyme Inhibitors
What are three enviromental conditions?
The following environmental conditions affect enzymatic reactions:
1. Temperature (extremes most dangerous): - High temperature may denature the enzyme. 2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH - neutral) 3. Ionic concentration (salt ions)
What is Q10?
the increase in reaction rate with a 10°C rise in temperature.
How much is the change in Q10 usually?
2 to 3 times the reaction rate
What is the effect of a small difference in the ph from the optimum ph of an enzyme?
It will cause a small change in the Charge of the enzyme and substrate molecule which will affect the binding
Are coenzymes proteins?
NO
What are coenzymes?
Are non-protein organic molecules that activate enzymes (turn them from Apoenzyme to Holenzyme)
What are coenzymes derived from?
Vitamins
What is the difference between Co-enzymes, prosthetic groups, Co-factors, and Co-substrates?
What is the difference between Co-substrates and prosthetic groups?
What does an enzyme assay measure?
It measures the ability of a known amoun of an enzyme to convert the enzymes substrate into product (measures the activity)
What does katal and enzyme unit measure?
Katal: The amount of enzyme needed to convert 1 mol of substrate into product
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Enzyme unit: The amount of enzyme needed to convert 1 micro mol of substrate into product
What are isoenzymes?
Iso enzymes are alternative forms of the same enzyme activity that exist in different proportions in different tissues.
Isozymes differ in amino acid composition and sequence
Usually from different genes
