Palmer

Question 1

S. pyogenes virulence factors (6)

Answer 1

1. M protein
2. Hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule
3. Hyaluronidase
4. Streptolysin S and O
5. Erythrogenic toxins
6. Streptokinase

Question 2

Function of S. pyogenes M protein

Answer 2

• Bind to keratinocytes

- Prevents opsonization by complement

Question 3

M protein of s. pyogenes binds to … and inhibits alternative complement pathway

Answer 3

fibrinogen

Question 4

M. protein of S. Pyogenes binds to…. and inhibits formation of opsonins by complement cascade

Answer 4

Complement control protein

Question 5

Streptokinase binds…

Answer 5

plasminogen

Question 6

Plasmin coated group A strep can degrade and spread through fibrin resulting in

Answer 6

invasive disease

Question 7

The 6 different locations in the mouth that bacteria live

Answer 7

1. fissures
2. saliva
3. supra gingival plaque
4. loosely attached biofilm
5. sub gingival plaque
6. mucosal surfaces

Question 8

Locations on bacteria in the mouth are determined by….

Answer 8

1. binding sites
2. oxygen level
3. redox potential
4. nutrients
5. antagonism
6. co-aggregation

Question 9

oral cavity is dominated by

Answer 9

streptococci

Question 10

… is found in every location in the mouth

Answer 10

s. mitis

Question 11

… and… are ubiquitously found on the tooth surface

Answer 11

S. sanguinis and S. gordonnii

Question 12

the …. group is the major species in plaque

Answer 12

Mitis (sanguinis, gordonni, oralis)

Question 13

The…. group is the minor species in plaque

Answer 13

Mutans (mutans and sobrinus)

Question 14

Fusobacterium nucleatum, porphymonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and prevotella are all….

Answer 14

late colonizers

Question 15

Streptococci (mitis, sanguinis, oxalis and gordonii), Veillonella and Actinomyces are all…

Answer 15

early pioneer colonizers

Question 16

Fusobacterium is an…., congregates with many species, and removes…

Answer 16

• anaerobe

- O2 (NADH oxidase/peroxidase)

Question 17

Dental caries results from a perturbation in bacterial populations due to a disruption in the environment rather than a specific bacteria is the …. hypothesis

Answer 17

non-specific plaque hypothesis

Question 18

The lag phase is the time when bacteria… and the genes

Answer 18

• adapts to environment
• are turned on to begin metabolism of nutrients
• (beginning of graph)

Question 19

The exponential phase is when the bacteria

Answer 19

grows logarithmically (middle of graph)

Question 20

The stationary phase where growth stops/decreases because…

Answer 20

nutrients are exhausted or toxic by-product buildup

Question 21

Chromosomal DNA is supercoiled in a…

Answer 21

nucleiod structure

Question 22

DNA gyrase function

Answer 22

introduces supercoils

Question 23

Topoisomerase I function

Answer 23

relaxes supercoils

Question 24

3 steps to chromosomal replication

Answer 24

1. initiation- depends on growth rate
2. elongation
3. termination

Question 25

DNA replication is.... and...

Answer 25

bidirectional | semi-conservative

Question 26

Semi-conservative means that each daughter DNA contains...

Answer 26

half new and half old DNA

Question 27

The oral cavity is dominated by... the.... group

Answer 27

streptococci | mitis

Question 28

.... is found in every location in the mouth

Answer 28

S. mitis

Question 29

... and ... are ubiquitously found on the tooth surface

Answer 29

S. sanguinis and S. gordonnii

Question 30

The 3 species in the Mitis group that are the major species in plaque are

Answer 30

sanguinis gordonnii oralis

Question 31

The mutans group (minor species in healthy plaque) are comprised of these 2 species

Answer 31

mutans | sobrinus

Question 32

... is the etiological agent of dental caries

Answer 32

streptococcus mutans

Question 33

Serotypes of S. mutans, c, e, f, and k are based on the .... on cell wall

Answer 33

ramose-glucose polysaccharide

Question 34

The 4 virulence factors of streptococcus mutans

Answer 34

1. acidogenic 2. acid tolerant 3. glycosyltransferases (GTF) 4. glucan binding proteins (Gbp)

Question 35

80% of isolates from oral cavity are serotype....

Answer 35

c

Question 36

The red complex (associated with periodontal disease) is made up of...

Answer 36

1. Porphyromonas gingivitis 2. Tannerella forsythia 3. Treponema denticola (all anaerobes)

Question 37

P. gingivalis requires... to grow

Answer 37

iron

Question 38

P. gingivalis are gram.... rods

Answer 38

negative

Question 39

P. gingivalis is an obligate...

Answer 39

anaerobe

Question 40

P. gingivalis is... which means it produces NH3 increasing pH and ferments amino acids, not sugar

Answer 40

Asaccharolytic

Question 41

S. mutans is acidogenic which means it has the ability to...

Answer 41

metabolize dietary carbs and produce acid (lactic, acetic, formic)

Question 42

3 characteristics of acid tolerant response by S. mutans

Answer 42

1. Up regulation of F1F0 ATPase 2. Glycolytic enzymes are more acid tolerant 3. modifies membrane (less permeable to protons)

Question 43

Glycosyltransferases (GTF) produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from...

Answer 43

sucrose

Question 44

S. mutans has 3 GTF enzymes...

Answer 44

GtfB GtfC GtfD

Question 45

Periodontal disease is caused by ...

Answer 45

1. subgingival biofilm 2. inflammatory response 3. high GCF, raised pH 4. anaerobic proteolytic biofilm

Question 46

Group B streptococci is the leading cause of ... and...

Answer 46

neonatal sepsis and meningitis

Question 47

Enterococci cause mostly... but is...

Answer 47

- nosocomial opportunistic infections | - worlds toughest pathogenic bacteria

Question 48

Enterococci is tough because it can grow in.... and is inhibited(not killed) by... and is resistance to...

Answer 48

- high salt concentrations - penicillin - most antibiotics

Question 49

Antibiotic synergism is required for effective killing of Enterococci, usually ... and an...

Answer 49

penicillin and an aminogylcoside

Question 50

.... is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 50

Viridans (greening) streptococci