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PALS Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

what type of airway tube do you use for kids

A

cuffed

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2
Q

risk of intubation in kids

A

pressure necrosis

cardiac arrest outweighs this risk

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3
Q

what is pressure necrosis

A

blockage of carotid bodies

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4
Q

mc cause of cardiac arrest for peds

A

respiratory

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5
Q

ventilation rate for peds

A

1 breath q 2-3 sec

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6
Q

how much air per breath for kids

A

just enough to see chest rise a little

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7
Q

what does EII stand for

A

evaluate

initial assessment

intervene

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8
Q

3 signs of life threatening situation for peds

A

apneic

mottled

cyanotic

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9
Q

3 kid vitals we care about

A

pulse

SpO2

bp

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10
Q

what happens to SpO2 and bp as kids get sicker

A

stable until they plummet

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11
Q

what happens to pulse rate as kids get sicker

A

tachycardic until plummet

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12
Q

what is the pediatric triangle

A

appearance

wob

circulation

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13
Q

appearance includes

A

TICLES:

tone

irritability

consolable

look (general impression)

eyesight/gaze

speech

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14
Q

2 major (indicate sicker pt) components of WOB

A

quality of breathing

breath sounds

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15
Q

minor component of WOB (we care less about it in terms of sickness)

A

RR

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16
Q

what are some examples of wob (4)

A

accessory muscle use

grunting

nasal flaring

seesaw breathing

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17
Q

2 indicators of circulation

A

cap refill

skin signs

pulse

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18
Q

formula for sbp goal for peds

A

70 + (2 x age)

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19
Q

definition of shock

A

inadequate tissue perfusion

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20
Q

major indicator of shock

A

delayed cap refill

unless kid was outside playing in snow

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21
Q

t/f: a kid can have delayed cap refill and not be hypotensive

A

T!

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22
Q

hypoxic parameter for peds

A

< 94%

even in higher elevations

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23
Q

what breath sound indicates an upper airway emergency

A

stridor

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24
Q

is stridor inspiratory or expiratory

A

inspiratory

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25
upper airway emergencies are a __ issue
positioning
26
upper airway emergencies include (3)
croup anaphylaxis foreign body
27
4 sx of croup
steeple sign seal like cough nighttime cough winter time (not really a sign but you get it)
28
croup usually affects what age group
18 months or younger
29
tx for anaphylaxis
epi
30
tx for foreign body
5 thrusts on back : 5 chest compressions
31
other strategy for foreign body
McGill's
32
t/f: you can use intubation tube to try to shove FB lower down in peds
F! you can only do this in adults
33
best way to open baby's airway
1-2" towel roll between shoulder blades
34
breath sound that indicates lower airway emergency
wheezing | (same-same rales/ronchi/crackkles)
35
are lower airway emergencies inspiratory or expiratory
expiratory
36
lower airway emergencies are __ until proven otherwise
asthma
37
tx for asthma
albuterol
38
how do you differentiate btw asthma and other lower airway emergencies
albuterol if it helps OR makes it worse, treat it as asthma
39
if albuterol does not make a difference for kid, consider \_\_
bronchiolitis
40
tx for bronchiolitis
deep, aggressive nasal suctioning
41
mc cause of PNA in peds
aspiration
42
tx for pulmonary edema in kids
PEEP *push fluid back down into vasculature*
43
3 types of shock in peds
hypovolemic neurogenic cardiogenic
44
4 sx of hypovolemic shock
dry mm skin turgor reduced lacrimation reduced urine output
45
neurogenic shock is caused by
spinal cord injury
46
cardiogenic shock in peds is caused by
affected heart: CHF/cardiomyopathy VS speed induced (too fast/too slow)
47
tx for cardiogenic shock in peds
give fluids *don't do this for adults*
48
dose for defibrillation in peds
2,4,6,8
49
mc cause of bradycardia in peds
hypoxia
50
tx for bradycardia
epi
51
bradycardia caused by __ can not be treated w. epi
high grade heart blocks
52
tx for high grade heart blocks
go straight to pacing
53
2 signs of beginning stages of shock
mottling cap refill
54
1st and 2nd organs affected by shock
1. skin 2. brain
55
what does ABCDEFG stand for
airway breathing circulation don't ever forget glucose
56
mc CNS issue in kids
trauma
57
sign of CNS issue in kids
neurogenic cry → high pitched
58
only time sick kid will cry
neurogenic shock
59
how to distinguish metabolic vs CNS issue in kids
BG
60
how can you tell when shock has become unstable in peds
vitals plummet
61
vital esp important to identify uncompensated shock in peds
bp
62
compression depth for child
~2 in OR ⅓ AP depth of chest
63
compression depth for infant
~1.5 in OR ⅓ AP depth of chest
64
adult compression to breath ratio
30:2
65
2 rescuer compression to breath ratio for kids
15:2
66
1 rescuer compression to breath ratio for kids
30:2
67
tx for child/adult choking
abdominal thrusts
68
tx for infant choking
5 back blows:5 chest thrusts
69
what do you do if a choking adult/kid loses consciousness
start CPR check to se if object is in airway after each round
70
6 components of shock management for peds
O2 SpO2 ECG IV/IO BLS BG
71
management of non hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock for peds
20 mL/kg NS or LR bolus, repeat as needed +/- colloid
72
management of hemorrhagic shock for peds
control bleeding 20 mL/kg NS or LR bolus, repeat 2-3 x transfuse PRBCs PRN
73
management of anaphylactic shock for peds
epi fluid bolus albuterol antihistamines/steroids epi infusion
74
tx for neurogenic shock
20 mL/kg NS or LR bolus, repeat PRN pressors
75
management of cardiogenic shock caused by broken heart (CHD/myocarditis/cardiomyopathy/poisoning)
5-10 mL/kg NS or LR, repeat PRN inotropic/vasoactive infusion consult poison antidote
76
4 causes of obstructive shock
ductal dependent (LV outflow obstruction) tension PTX tamponade PE
77
only WOB is affected
respiratory distress
78
appearance and WOB affected
respiratory failure
79
only circulation affected
shock
80
appearance and circulation affected
shock
81
only appearance affected
metabolic shock
82
appearance, wob, circulation all affected
cardiopulmonary failure
83
6 components of respiratory emergency management for peds
airway management suction PRN O2 SpO2 EKG BLS
84
tx for croup (2)
nebulized epi steroids
85
tx for anaphylaxis (4)
IM epi albuterol antihistamines steroids
86
tx for aspiration/FB
position of comfort consult
87
tx for bronchiolitis
nasal suction +/- bronchodilator trial
88
tx for asthma
albuterol +/- ipatropium steroids Mg sulfate IM epi if severe terbutaline
89
tx for PNA
albuterol abx +/- PEEP
90
tx for ICP
avoid: hypoxemia hypercabia hyperthermia hypotn

PALS (1 decks)

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