PANCE :0 Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
What ID causes parotid tenderness & edema?
A
Mumps
Supportive Tx
2
Q
What ID causes hydrophobia?
A
Rabies
Postexposure rabies IG, 5 shots HDCV
3
Q
What ID has a fever that rashes?
A
Roseola
HHV6
Supportive Tx
4
Q
Which HPV strains cause CA?
A
16 & 18
5
Q
Which HPV strains are covered by Gardisil?
A
6, 11, 16 & 18
6
Q
Koplik Spots?
A
Measles
Supportive Tx
7
Q
Tissue Bx shows Owl’s eye?
A
CMV
8
Q
What kind of LAD does Mono cause?
A
Posterior cervical LAD
9
Q
What ID has a slapped cheek appearance that turns into a lacy rash?
A
Erythema infectiosum/Fifth disease
Supportive Tx
10
Q
What organism is syphilis?
A
Treponema pallidum - spirochete
11
Q
What organism is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
A
Rickettsia rickettsi
MC eastern US
12
Q
What organism is Lyme disease?
A
Boerrelia Burgdoferi from Ixodes tick
13
Q
How is malaria transmitted and what stain is used for Dx?
A
Anopheles mosquito
Giemsa/Wright stain
14
Q
What ID causes pea soup diarrhea & what is the Tx?
A
Enteric/typhoid fever - salmonellosis
Tx - ampicillin
15
Q
Vag culture shows gram - intracellular diplococci, what do you suspect & what is the Tx?
A
Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
16
Q
What ID has a grey membrane that covers the inside of the mouth?
A
Diphtheria
17
Q
What ID has a grey membrane that covers the inside of the mouth?
A
Diphtheria
18
Q
Which valve is MC involved with rheumatic fever?
A
Mitral
Tx - penicillin
19
Q
Why can’t you give infants honey?
A
Botulism
20
Q
What ID causes rice water diarrhea & Tx?
A
Cholera
Tx - Tetracycline
21
Q
What common ADR does ethambutol cause?
A
For TB
Optic neuritis - red/green vision loss
22
Q
What ID is endemic in OH & MS river valleys?
A
Histoplasmosis
23
Q
Cottage cheese vag d/c, how do you dx?
A
Candidiasis
KOH prep shows pseudohyphae
24
Q
How do you Dx myasthenia gravis & Tx?
A
Enrophonium
CXR to r/o thymoma
Tx - pyridostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor?
25
What is ruptured with epidural hematoma & what is on CT?
Middle meningeal artery
"talk then die"
CT - convex
26
What is torn with subdural hematoma & what is on CT?
Bridging veins
CT - crescent
27
What is ruptured with SAH?
Berry aneurysm
28
How is Huntington's transmitted?
Autosomal dominant
29
How is essential tremor transmitted?
Autosomal dominant
30
What is the most severe bleeding disorder?
Hemophilia A
Dec. Factor 8
31
How is hemophilia transmitted?
X-linked recessive
32
What is Christmas disease?
Hemophilia B
Dec. Factor 9
33
How is Factor XI deficiency transmitted?
Autosomal recessive
Common in Ashkenazi jews
34
What is the MC bleeding disorder?
Von Willebrand
35
How is Von Willebrand transmitted?
Autosomal dominant
36
What hereditary bleeding disorder presents with an increased bleeding time?
Von Willebrand
37
What hereditary bleeding disorder presents with an increased PTT?
Hemophilias
38
Bence Jones proteins are seen with?
Multiple myeloma
39
Pt has painless LAD that is painful with EtOH, what is seen on Bx?
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cells
40
What disease shows a philadelphia chromosome?
CML
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
41
Which CA affects B-lymphocytes?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
42
Which CA shows Auer rods?
AML
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
43
What leukemia is MC in kiddos?
ALL
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
44
How is sickle cell transmitted & how is it Dx?
Autosomal recessive
Electrophoresis - Hgb S
45
How is thalassemia Dx?
Hgb electrophoresis
A is fine, B = bad
46
What is the MCC anemia?
Iron deficiency
47
What is the MCC GI bleed?
Iron deficiency anemia
48
How is Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenate deficiency transmitted?
X-linked recessive
49
What is the MC type of thyroid CA?
papillary carcinoma
50
How do you Dx Addison's disease?
Cosyntropin stimulation test
Low Na, low Gc
High K
51
How do you treat subacute thyroiditis?
aspirin
52
What disease presents with stones, bones, abdominal roans, psychic moans with fatigue overtones?
Hyperparathyroidism
53
What is Beck;s triad and what disease is it for?
Cardiac tamponade
1. HOTN
2. Distended neck veins
3. Muffled heart sounds
54
What should you suspect if an EKG shows electrical alternans?
Cardiac tamponade
55
What should you suspect if you see pulsus paradoxus?
Pericardial effusion
56
What disease is characterized by pleuritic CP relieved by sitting forward?
Pericarditis
57
Which valve is usually affected in an IVDU with endocarditis?
Tricuspid
Staph aureus
58
You auscultate a mid-systolic click, what do you suspect?
Mitral valve prolapse
59
You auscultate a pansystolic murmur radiating to the axilla, what do you suspect?
Mitral regurgitation
60
You auscultate a S2 then opening snap, what do you suspect?
Mitral stenosis
61
You auscultate a harsh systolic murmur radiating to the neck, what do you suspect?
Aortic stenosis
62
Patient presents with jaw claudication, what do you suspect & what disease is common with this?
Giant cell arteritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica
63
Describe Type A vs. B aortic dissections
A - above aortic arch, need surgery
B - below, medical mgmt
64
Which are the inferior leads?
II, III, aVF
65
Which are the posterior leads?
V1, V2
66
Which are the anterior leads?
V1, V2, V3
67
Which are the anterolateral leads?
V4, V5, V6
68
Which cardiac enzyme is more sensitive to an MI?
Troponins
69
Which cardiac enzyme is better to assess reinfarction?
CK-MB
70
Which cardiac enzyme is better to assess reinfarction?
CK-MB
71
What is the MC congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
72
What is seen with tetralogy of fallot?
1. Pulm stenosis
2. RV hypertrophy
3. Overriding aorta
4. VSD
73
You auscultate a harsh, continuous machine murmur in a kiddo, what do you suspect & Tx?
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
Indomethacin
74
You auscultate afixed split S2 in a kiddo, what do you suspect & Tx?
Atrial septal defect
Surgery
75
Kid is HTN & has dminished femoral pulses, whatchya thinkin & Tx?
Coarctation of aorta
Prostaglandins w.in 4 days of birth
76
ACLS Tx VFib/Tach?1
1. Shock
2. Epi 1mg q3-5min
3. Shock
4. Amiodarone 500mg then 150mg
77
ACLS Tx PSVT?
Adenosine 6, 12, 12
78
Pt has oppositional defiant disorder, what disorder might it turn into?
Conduct disorder
79
Define globus hystericus
Feel like csomething is in your throat ut there isn't
80
Define neologism
Made up words/phrases
81
Define verbigeration
Repeition of senseless words/phrases
82
What disorder displays schizophrenia type symptoms but
Schizophreniform
83
Define ideas of refernce
Beliefs or perceptions that irrelevant, unrelated or innocuousthings in the world are referring to them directly or have special personal significance
84
Define ideas of refernce
Beliefs or perceptions that irrelevant, unrelated or innocuousthings in the world are referring to them directly or have special personal significance
85
Pt has antisocial personality disorder, what disorder might they have had as a kiddo?
Conduct disorder
86
What is the MC mental disorder?
Phobias
87
Define Light's criteria
Transudate vs. exudate
Exudate if
1. Pleural fluid protein to serum protein >0.5
2, PF LDH to S LDH >0.6
3. PF LDH >2/3 ULN S LDH
88
How is Cystic fibrosis transmitted & what do you see on PFT?
Autosomal recessive
Mixed obstructive restrictive pattern
Elevated sweat chloride levels
89
Xray shows steeple sign, what do you think & how do you treat it?
Croup
Steroids, humidifed O2 & epi
90
Xray shows thumbprint sign, what is it?
Epiglottitis
91
Describe Galeazzi maneuver
Flex knee so heels on table
| Shortened thigh = dislocation
92
Describe Barlow maneuver
Adduct hip & push posteriorly
Pop = dysplasia
-dislocates hip
93
Describe Ortolani maneuver
Abduct hip
Feel reduction
- puts hip back in place
94
What does Lachman's test for?
ACL injury
95
What does Thompson test for?
Achilles tendon rupture
96
What does McMurray test for?
Valgus - medial meniscal tear
Varus - lateral meniscal tear
97
What is the MC meniscal injury?
Medial
98
Who commonly gets SCFE & how do you test for it?
Fat, black boys
Frog-leg view
99
Who commonly gets ankylosing spondylitis & what will you see on Xray?
MC men 30-40y/o
Bamboo spine
100
What tendons are involved in DeQuervians tenosynovitis?
Abductor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Test by Finkelsteins
101
What ligament is affected with Nursemaid's elbow?
Annular ligament
102
What ligament is affected with Nursemaid's elbow?
Annular ligament
103
What tendon is involved with lateral epicondylitis & what sport usually causes it?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Tennis elbow
104
What tendon is involved with medial epicondylitis & what sport usually causes it?
Flexor-pronator muscles
Golfer's elbow
105
Describe a Colle's fracture
Distal radius Fx w/ dorsal angulation
MC injury of the wrist
106
What ligament is involved with Gamekeeper's thumb?
Ulnar collateral ligament
107
Describe a Hills-Sachs lesion
Posterolateral humeral head Fx
108
Describe a Bankhart's lesion
Tear of glenoid labruno
109
Describe a Bankhart's lesion
Tear of glenoid labruno
110
What type of osteomyelitis do Sickle cell patients get?
Salmonella
111
Describe CREST syndrome
```
Calcinosis
Raynauds
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias
```
112
What type of crystals are aspirated from gout?
- birefringent urate
113
Describe Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Deep, fast breathing followed by apneas
114
Describe Kussmaul's respirations
Rapid, deep labored breathing
Common with acidosis
115
What kind of CA has inc. alpha-fetoprotein & HCG?
Nonseminomatous testicular CA
116
Pt presents with painless hematuria, what should you worry about?
Bladder CA
117
What is the MCC epiglottitis?
Group A Strep
118
What is a painless white area in the mouth that cannot be scraped off?
Leukoplakia
119
Pt presents with deviation of the soft palate & uvula, what do they have?
Peritonsillar abscess
120
What is the Centor criteria?
For strep pharyngitis
1. Fever >38
2. Tender anterior cervical LAD
3. NO cough
4. Tonsillar exudates
2/4 - culture
3/4 - abx
121
Pt has nonfatigueable nystagmus, what type of vertigo do they have?
Central
122
What is the MCC of otitis externa?
Pseudomonas
123
What is the MCC of otitis media?
Strep penumo
124
What is the triad of Menieres disease?
1. Chronic hearing loss
2. Tinnitus
3. Dizziness/vertigo
125
When the corneal reflex is misaligned, what disease do they have?
Strabismus
126
Pt has a highly vascular, triangular mass on the eye, what is it?
Pterygium
127
What is a chalazion?
Hordeolium that is chronic & noninfected
128
What is a chalazion?
Hordeolium that is chronic & noninfected
129
Define myopia
Nearsighted
Can't see far
130
Pt states they have a curtain being drawn over the eye, what is wrong?
Retinal detachment
131
How do you monitor colon cancer?
CEA
132
Kiddo has currant-jelly stools, what type of mass will you palpate in their abdomen?
Intussusception
Sausage-like mass
133
What is the MCC small bowel obstruction?
Adhesions
134
What is the MCC large bowel obstructions?
Colon CA
135
MCC acute pancreatitis?
cholelithiasis
136
What is Charcot's triad?
Cholagnitis
1. RUQ pain
2. Jaundice
3. Fever
137
What is Reynold's pentad?
Cholangitis bad
1. RUQ pain
2. Jaundice
3. Fever
4. HOTN
5. Altered mental status
138
What does an ERCP show?
Location of stones
139
Infant has projectile postprandial vomiting, what do palpate in their abdomen?
Pyloric stenosis
Olive shaped mass
140
What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Gastrin secreting tumor that leads to regractory PUD
141
What is the MCC UGI bleed?
PUD
142
How do you treat H. Pylori?
1. PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin
| 2. Peptobismol + Tetracycline + Flagyl + PPI
143
How do you treat H. Pylori?
1. PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin
| 2. Peptobismol + Tetracycline + Flagyl + PPI
144
Pt with cirrhosis presents with hematemesis, what do you suspect?
Esophageal varices
145
What is the MC type of esophageal CA?
Adenocarcinoma in distal 2/3
Squamous cell in proximal 1/3
146
Esophagram shows birds beak esophagus, what is it?
Achalasia
147
36 wk prego presents with painless vaginal bleeding, what do you suspect?
Placenta previa
148
36 wk prego presents with painless vaginal bleeding, what do you suspect?
Placenta previa
149
36 wk prego presents with painless vaginal bleeding, what do you suspect?
Placenta previa
150
What is the MCC 3rd trimester bleeding?
Placenta abruptio
151
3rd trimester lady presents with painful vag bleeding, what is it?
Placenta abruptio
152
What is the triad of preeclampsia?
1. HTN
2. Edema
3. Proteinuria
153
What drug can you use in a HTN preggo?
Methyldopa
154
How do you Dx premature rupture of membranes?
Nitrazine pH >7
Fern test
155
When do you culture for Group B strep in a preggo & what do you do if it's positive?
32-36 wk
PenG q4h until delivery
156
Define Nagele's rule
LMP - 3 mo + 7 days
157
Preggo US shows grapelike vesicles in a snowstorm pattern, what is it?
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
158
Where is the MC location for ectopic?
Fallopian tube
159
When do you see a Chandelier sign?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
160
What is the MC type of breast CA?
Ductal carcinoma
161
How do you treat mastitis?
Cloxacillin/cephalosoprin
Hot compresses
C/w breast feeding
162
How do you monitor ovarian cancer treatment?
CA-125
163
How do you Dx PCOS?
US - string of pearls
| Inc LH/FSH ratio
164
Pt with endometriosis wants to have a babby, what do you give them?
Danazol
165
What hormone influences leiomyomata formation?
Estrogen
166
What hormone influences leiomyomata formation?
Estrogen
167
What type of HPV is cancerous?
16 & 18
168
KOH prep shows spaghetti & meatballs, what is it?
Tinea versicolor
| caused by Malazzia furfur
169
Where is psoriasis usually seen?
Extensor surfaces
170
Describe Lichen planus
1. Purple
2. Polygonal
3. Pruritic
4. Papule
171
What rash has a Christmas tree distribution?
Pityriasis rosea
172
What rash is a flesh-colored, umbilicated papule?
Mollucum
173
What Ig is involved in atopic dermatitis?
IgE Type I
MC on flexural surfaces
