PANCE questions Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
Skin, SVR, and CO in early septic shock
A
Increase CO with warm, flushed skin
Decreased SVR
2
Q
Gram + cocci in pairs
A
Strep pneumonia
3
Q
Gram - oxidase + S shaped rod
A
Campylobacter
4
Q
Initiating event for pregnancy induced hypertension
A
Placental ischemia
5
Q
One risk factor for developing hydatiform moles
A
Nutritional deficiency
6
Q
Meigs Syndrome
A
- Benign ovarian tumors (fibromas)
- Ascites
- Pleural effusion
- Young women
7
Q
U/L sharply marginated red scaly rash on breast with vesicles
A
Paget’s Disease
8
Q
Which vitamin can be associated with molar pregnancy?
A
Vitamin A (Retinol)
9
Q
3 main things with Kleinfelter Syndrome
A
- Gynecomastia
- Testicular atrophy
- Infertility
10
Q
Aspergillis
A
- Thick brown sputum
- Eosinophilia
- Increase IgE
11
Q
Kimmelstiel Wilson Lesion
A
- Patients with diabetic nephropathy
- Biopsy shows nodules of pink hyaline material
12
Q
G + non-spore forming rod
A
Listeria
13
Q
Increase risk of listeria in…how do you contract it?
A
- Increase risk in newborns, elderly, immunocompromised
- No lunch meat in pregnant patients
14
Q
Nummular eczema
A
- Pruritic
- Coin-shaped lesions seen on dorm of hands, feet, extensor surfaces
15
Q
Is TCAs anticholinergic or cholinergic?
A
They have anticholinergic properties
16
Q
CXR shows rib notching and “3” sign
A
Coarctation of aorta
17
Q
Residual volume, FVC, and FEV1 in patients with emphysema
A
- Increase in residual volume (increase lung volume)
- FVC and FEV1 decreased
18
Q
Pericardial knock
A
Constrictive pericarditis
19
Q
Difference between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive CM (like amyloidosis)
A
- Both have diastolic dysfunction
- RCM will have myocardial dysfunction
- Constrictive pericarditis will have thickened pericardium
20
Q
Speckled myocardium seen with
A
Amyloidosis
21
Q
Sail sign or post fat pad sign in adults indicates
A
Radial head fracture
22
Q
Intertrigo
A
Candida infection; “beefy red”
23
Q
Minimal Change Disease
A
- Causes Nephrotic syndrome in children
- Maltese cross
- Prednisone DOC to treat
24
Q
Pupils in cholinergic toxicity
A
Constricted (SLUDD-C)
25
Is atropine anticholinergic or cholinergic?
Anticholinergic
26
Is Erlichiosis gram - or +?
Gram - that destroys RBCs
| Morulae
27
Tetrad inclusions seen within RBCs
Babesiosis
28
"Butterfly" appearance on CT in cerebral hemisphere
Glioblastoma
29
Tumor that occurs in convexities of hemispheres and attach to dura
Meningiomas
30
Hemangiomas
Retinal involvement + Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
31
Hantavirus
Rodents are vectors; prodromal febrile phase with myalgias
32
Bipolar II
MDD + hypomania
| Not significant impaired social function
33
Treatment of choice in unstable patient with presumptive ectopic pregnancy
Laparotomy
34
Hemophilia A treatment (2)
- Factor VIII
| - Cryoprecipitate
35
Two treatments for NMS
Dantrolene and Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
36
CXR for hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Diffuse nodular densities
37
Test of choice for diagnosis of infant hearing loss
Auditory evoked potentials
38
What do fibroblasts produce
Collagen
39
Kidney disorder associated with URI
IgA nephropathy
40
MC location for osteomyelitis in children and adults
```
Children = long bones
Adults = spine
```
41
If albumin levels are low, which lab value should you check next?
Calcium, since approximately 50% of Ca is protein bound
42
Kussmaul's sign, what is it caused by
- An increase in CVP during inspiration
- Caused by severe R sided HF
- Frequent finding in patients with constrictive pericarditis or RV infarction
43
What does methotrexate inhibit
Dihydrofolate reductase
44
When should strabismus be gone in infants?
By 6 months of age
45
PE finding for emphysema (tactile fremitus, percussion)
- Distant heart sounds
- Decreased tactile fremitus
- Hyperresonant to percussion
46
What med can decrease effectiveness of OCPs
Rifampin
47
Mechanism for meniscus tear
Axial loading and rotation
48
Most sensitive test to detect rhabdomyolysis
Serum creatinine kinase
49
What is rhabdo a complication of?
Serious complication of seizures and hyperthermia related to drug abuse
50
Increase cold agglutinin test
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
51
Small grayish vesicles and punched out ulcers on posterior pharynx
Coxsackie
52
What drug can be used to prevent migraine HA
Propranolol
53
When does grasp and moro reflex disappear?
Grasp at 2-3 mon
| Moro at 5-6 mon
54
Intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid can be used to treat
OA of the knee
55
Methotrexate is contraindicated in patients with
Hepatic insufficiency; used to tx RA
56
EKG findings for LAE and RAE
```
LAE = wide P waves
RAE = tall P waves
```
57
What does proliferative retinopathy (neovascularization) increase the risk of
Vitreous hemorrhage
58
Which diabetic meds have highest risk of hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas (ex. Glipizide)
59
Pes anserine bursitis
Medial knee pain with point tenderness inferior and medial to the patella
60
Brown pigmentation on the LE is seen with
Chronic venous insufficiency
61
SQ red tender nodules is seen with
Erythema nodosum
62
What eye defect can long term oral corticosteroid use cause?
Glaucoma
63
Radiograph view to see scotty dog fracture
Oblique view
| Spondylolysis
64
Tzank smear tests for
Herpes virus
65
Tests for syphilis
FTA-ABS (absorption serum test)
66
Best screening test used for evaluation of SLE
ANA
67
Rebound hypertension with abrupt withdrawal of what htn med?
Clonidine
68
Base of thumb pain is seen with RA or OA?
OA; typically spared in RA
69
What valvular abnormality is seen with acute MI?
Mitral regurgitation
70
Treatment for patient with acute bacterial prostatitis and urine retention
Suprapubic catheter
71
What lab value should you routinely test for patients taking lithium?
TSH (causes hypothyroidism)
72
Abx treatment for patient with chronic bacterial prostatitis
Levofloxacin or Bactrim
73
Two disorders that show Heinz bodies
Alpha thalassemia and G6PD
74
Lab values and PE for patient with primary biliary cirrhosis
-Jaundice, pruritus, fatigue
| + AMA, increase Alk phos and GGT
75
What antibody is positive for patient with autoimmune hepatitis
Anti smooth muscle antibodies
76
What is primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with, and what lab value is positive?
Associated with IBD (UC)
| Positive P-ANCA
77
"Adult" hemoglobin (HgbA) has what chains
2 alpha and 2 beta chains
78
Hgb values for patient with beta thalassemia major
- No beta chains
- Decreased Hgb A synthesis
- Increased HgbA2 and Hgb F synthesis (due to making up for decreased Hgb A)
79
Treatment for acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis
IV high dose corticosteroids
80
What is tx to prevent progression of multiple sclerosis
Beta interferon or glutiramer acetate
81
CXR and spirometry results for bronchiestasis
- Bronchial wall thickening ("tram track" airways)
| - Obstructive pattern (decreased FEV1, decreased FEV1/FVC)
82
Subclinical hypothyroidism lab results
Increase TSH (because it shows up first), normal T3/T4
83
What is a ST elevation MI equivalent
LBBB
| Wide QRS complex with broad, slurred R wave in V5/V6 with deep S wave in V1
84
MC cause of bacterial meningitis in patients <18y, and treatment
N meningitidis
| Tx = IV Pen G
85
Boas sign
R shoulder pain seen with acute cholecystitis
86
Etiology and treatment for infective endocarditis
Staph aureus
| IV Vancomycin
87
Treatment for ITP in children and adults
```
Children = IVIG
Adults = corticosteroids
```
88
Increase risk factor for Hirsprung's
Increase in children with Down's syndrome
| Aganglionic
89
Triple therapy for H pylori
PPI + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
90
Best diagnostic test for pituitary adenoma
MRI of sella tunica (pituitary gland)
91
Acute interstitial nephritis clinical presentation, labs, and etiology
MC caused by drugs (like PCN)
| -Fever, eosinophilia, artralgia, maculopapular rash
92
RBC casts
glomerulonephritis
93
WBC casts
acute interstitial nephritis
94
How long for treatment for first event idiopathic DVT
At least 6 months therapy
95
Two main lab work side effects of lithium
Hypothyroid
| Hyperparathyroid
96
What skin condition can cause negative Nikolsky sign
Bullous pemphigoid
97
Side effects of Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Agranulocytosis
- Myocarditis
- EPS symptoms
- QT prolongation
98
Cat scratch disease etiology
Bartonella
99
HPV diagnosis with application of
Acetic acid
100
Treatment of acute bronchiolitis
Supportive with humidified O2
101
Ulcers with peripheral venous disease
Medial malleolus ulcer with uneven ulcer margins
102
Two pathognomic findings for dermatomyositis
Gottran's papules
| Purple heliotrope rash around eyelids
103
Two treatments for nephrogenic DI
Indomethacin and Hydrochlorathiazide
104
Treatment for central DI
Desmopressin
105
What can cause an aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell patients?
Parvovirus B19 infection
106
CN V sensory function
Corneal reflex with cotton wisps
107
What should a 13 month old infant with sickle cell disease receive
Folic acid and Penicillin V
108
What is associated with chronic use of phenytoin
Osteomalacia
109
What is a side effect of Bleomycin
Pulmonary fibrosis
110
Granular casts
Chronic renal disease
111
What can an anorectal abscess turn into?
Anorectal fistula
112
NASH
- Comes from metabolic syndrome (pt with DM, hypertriglyceridemia, htn, obesity)
- Resembles alcoholic hepatitis but in alcoholic AST/ALT is >2 and with NASH it is <1
113
Infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- Infant with hx of recurrent respiratory infections and diarrhea, FTT
- Skin changes and FH is suggestive of an X-linked immune deficiency
114
What vaccines can infant with SCID have/not have?
- No live vaccines
| - Can have pneumococcal vaccine PCV 13
115
Vitamin C deficiency
- Scuvry
- Bleeding tendencies, impaired wound healing, swollen gums
- Splinter hemorrhages
116
What will staph aureus look like on blood agar, and what is it positive for?
- Grape-like clusters, enterotoxins
- Coagulase and mannitol positive
- Shows yellow colonies on blood agar
117
Where does femoral hernias bulge at
Much lower in the groin than other hernias
| -Even anteromedial thigh
118
Risk factors for mesenteric ischemia
- Htn, CAD, smoking
| - Hx postprandial abd pain
119
Which etiology causes rust-colored sputum?
Strep pneumoniae
120
What does brown recluse spider look like
"Violin" pattern on back
121
What type of drug is Oxybutynin, and what is it used for?
- Anticholinergic
| - Overactive bladder/urge incontinence
122
Alopecia areata vs tinea capitis presentation
```
AA = On head, oval sharply demarcated patches of hair loss
Tinea = hair that is broken off, erythematous scaly patches
```
123
Pernicious anemia
- Vit B12 deficiency and parietal cell antibodies
| - Due to lack of intrinsic factor
124
Bitot spots
-On conjunctiva with Vitamin A deficiency
125
Pyridoxine deficiency
- Vitamin B6
- Peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis
- Glossitis
- Caused by taking isoniazid
126
How often do patients have to get colonoscopies with villous adenomas found
- High risk of carcinoma
| - Every 3 years
127
Malignant mesothelioma (caused by, definition)
- Type of respiratory malignancy, but not considered lung CA
| - Pleural mesothelioma is caused by asbestos
128
Congenital tracheomalacia presentaiton
- Common cause of persistent wheezing in infancy
| - Collapse of trachea during breathing
129
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis PE findings
- Gradual worsening exertional dyspnea and non-productive dry cough
- "velcro crackles" or fine dry bibasilar inspiratory crackles
- Digital clubbing
- Restrictive pulmonary disease
130
Reed Sternberg cells
Hodgkin's lymphoma
131
What 3 things is lichen planus associated with
- Hepatitis C
- Chronic active hepatitis
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
132
PE findings for CAP
- Inspiratory crackles
- Bronchial breath sounds
- Dullness to percussion if lobar consolidation
- Increased tactile remits and bronchophony
133
Lichen planus with treatment
- Can have central umbilication
- Mostly found on wrists
- Koebner phenomenon (like in psoriasis)
- Tx is topical corticosteroid
134
One major complication of PUD
Acute massive hemorrhage due to perforation
135
What complicates 10% of acute pancreatitis attacks
Pancreatic pseudocysts
136
Anion gap
Na - (Cl + HCO3)
137
Carcinoid tumor definition, what it secretes, and treatment
- Neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive tract, lungs (sometimes ovaries and kidneys)
- Secrete serotonin, histamine, catecholamines, etc
- Episodic skin flushing, wheezing, diarrhea
- Tx with somatostatin analogue (Octreotide)
138
Melisma
Hyperpigmented brown patches in pregnancy
139
Complication of Hirschsprung disease
Toxic megacolon
140
Concern with bilious vomiting
Intestinal obstruction (like intussusception)
141
Treatment for nonthrombosed and thrombosed hemorrhoids
Topical steroid cream to improve pain and swelling with external hemorrhoids
Topical Nifedipine to treat thrombosed hemorrhoids
142
TIBC and ferritin levels for IDA
Increased TIBC
| Decreased ferritin
143
DOC for rosacea
Topical metronidazole
144
Drug used for maintenance treatment of UC
Mesalamine (5 ASA)
145
Electrolyte abnormality for sarcoidosis
Hypercalcemia (due to granuloma producing excess calcitrol/Vitamin D)
146
Patho skin feature with sarcoidosis
Lupus pernio-violaceous raised plaques found on cheeks and nose
147
Drug treatment for diabetic gastroparesis
Reglan
148
Treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa
- Skin condition causing scarring, keloids, etc
| - Topical Clindamycin
149
Treatment for life-threatening hypermagnesemia
IV Ca and dialysis
150
Klebsiella pneumoniae is seen in what patients
MC in alcoholics or chronically debilitated patients
| -Currant jelly sputum
151
Lichen simplex chronicus definition and treatment
- Secondary to repetitive rubbing or scratching
- Patients may have history of chronic skin disorder (atopic dermatitis)
- Erythematous, scaly plaques with well-defined borders
- Tx = topical corticosteroids
152
MC lung CA
Adenocarcinoma (non-small cell)
153
MC inherited hyper coagulability disorder
Factor V Leiden
154
Vitamin B1 deficiency
(Thiamine)
| -Beriberi; numbness, decreased proprioception, confusion, abnormal eye movements, vomiting
155
Treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Pulm rehab and O2
156
Schatzki's ring
Common cause of dysphagia after steak
| -Fibrous strictures
157
MC surgical emergency in pregnant women
Appendicitis
158
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Woman <35y with unexplained htn, renal bruit
159
Two causes of renal artery stenosis
Atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia
160
What toxicity can isotrentinon lead to?
Vitamin A toxicity
161
Two etiologies for PNA in patients with COPD
H flu and pseudomonas
162
Secondary syphilis
Fever, HA, malaise, LAD
| Rash-papules, macules, etc that are brown or copper-colored
163
Primary biliary cholangitis lab values
AKA cirrhosis
-Causes progressive cholestasis and can result in end stage liver disease
Increase alk phos, AMA, ANA, hyperlipidemia
164
MC type of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease, but can also be seen in patients with Hodgkin's and NHL
165
What can cirrhosis lead to in the GI tract; presentation and treatment
Cirrhosis --> primary htn --> esophageal varices (dilated gastric veins)
- Massive upper GI bleed
- Tx with therapeutic endoscopy with variceal ligation or banding
166
Common cause of hypomagnesemia
Malnutrition
167
DOC for patient with PCKD
ACE or ARB
168
Treatment for pityriasis rosea
Low potency topical corticosteroids (Triamcinolone acetonide)
169
Diagnosing and treatment for tinea corporis
Topical clotrimazole
| KOH skin scraping
170
Treatment for impetigo
Mupirocin
171
What blocks the release of stored thyroid hormone
Iodine
172
Sandpaper rash with circumoral sparing
Scarlet fever
173
What electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen in patients with AKI
Hyperkalemia
174
CA marker for gastric CA
CEA
175
Parvovirus B19 causes what in patients with sickle cell disease
Transient aplastic crisis
176
Treatment for localized psoriasis
Topical glucocorticoid (Betamethasone propionate)
177
Symptoms for primary biliary cholangitis/cirrhosis
Fatigue, jaundice, pruritus, RUQ discomfort
178
Nonbloody diarrhea, crampy and pain, weight loss
Crohns disease
179
PE for patient with crohn's (4)
Aphthous ulcers
Anal fissures
Perirectal abscesses
Anorectal fistulas
180
Positive labs for Crohn's
ASCA +
| p-ANCA -
181
Criteria for acute pancreatitis
Ranson's criteria
182
Fanconi Anemia type of anemia and treatment
- Defect in DNA repair; autosomal recessive
- Increased risk for AML and solid tumors
- Pancytopenia with elevated Hgb F
- Absent thumbs, short statues
- Tx with bone marrow transplant
183
What is important about thiamine replacement
Replace thiamine BEFORE giving glucose
184
What is erysipelas MC caused by and treatment
beta-hemolytic streptococci (streptococcus pyogenes)
| Tx with Ceftriaxone or Cefazolin
185
Type of rash in erysipelas
Tender, intensely erythematous plaque in butterfly pattern
| Well demarcated and slightly raised
186
Difference between hausfrau and teniae coli
Haustra is small pouches of the intestines
| Teniae coli runs the length of the large intestine
187
Clinical picture, lab work, and treatment for ITP
- Child with hx of recent viral infection
- Petechiae, purpura, gingival bleeding
- Platelets <100,000
- Caused by anti platelet antibodies
- Tx-observation, steroids, IVIG
188
Etiologies for Boerhaave syndrome
Iatrogenic
Forceful vomiting
Causes full thickness eso rupture
189
CXR and diagnostic test for boerhaave syndrome
CXR-pneumomediastinum
| Esophogram
190
PE for boerhaave syndrome
Hamman's crunch (mediastinal crackling with each heartbeat)
191
Difference between the two types of anesthetics
Amides have 2 "i's" (Lidocaine, Bupivacaine)
| Esters have 1 "I" (Tetracaine, Procaine)
192
3 classes of drugs that can help with pain associated with IBS
SSRI (Citalopram)
TCA (Desipramine)
Antispasmodics (Atropine, Dicyclomine, Scopolamine)
193
Cancer with strikingly high WBC count
CML
194
What are home birth deliveries at risk of
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
- Vitamin K to improve coagulation defects
- Newborn will present with epistaxis
195
3 causes that have Howell Jolly bodies
Asplenia
Splenectomy patients
Sickle cell disease
196
Lab values (PTT, PT, fibrinogen, platelets) for DIC
Prolonged PTT, PT
| Decreased fibrinogen, platelets
197
Antiplatelet IgG is seen in adults with
ITP
198
Schistocytes is seen in what two blood disorders
TTP, DIC
199
Basophilic stippling
Thalassemias and lead poisoning
200
Hyperresonance to percussion is seen with
Emphysema or pneumothorax
201
Dullness to percussion is seen with
PNA or pleural effusion
202
Hereditary spherocytosis
+ osmotic fragility test
- Microcytic or normocytic anemia with normal hematocrit
- Spherocytes
- Howell jolly bodies
- Increase in MCHC
203
Med that can cause agranulocytosis
(severe leukopenia)
| Clozapine (atypical antipsychotic)
204
What do you have to be careful for with patients on chemotherapy?
Neutropenic fever
205
Suspect what in older patients with atraumatic back pain
Multiple myeloma
206
Does thiamine deficiency cause anemia?
No, causes beriberi or wernicke Korsakoff syndrome
207
Treatment for lead toxicity
Succimer (it sucks to eat lead)
| Lead causes sideroblastic anemia
208
Hemoglobin and reticulocyte count in patients with aplastic crisis
Both are decreased
209
5 disorders that have Howell jolly bodies
```
Asplenia
Sickle cell dz
Megaloblastic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
MDS
```
210
DOC for bleeding in patients with von willebrand's
Desmopressin
211
Red man syndrome
Anaphylactoid reaction to vancomycin due to histamine release
Intense pruritus, lightheadedness, erythema on face and neck
212
RDW in IDA and thalassemia
Measures the deviation in volume of the RBCs
Increased in IDA
Normal in thalassemia
213
Koebner's phenomenon
Plaques develop on areas of skin injury (like from scratching)
Like in psoriasis
214
Etiology for empyema (lung abscess)
Staph aureus
215
Main difference between wernicke's encephalopathy and acute alcohol intoxication
Wernicke's has ophthalmoplegia (which reverses rapidly following IV infusion of thiamine)
216
Onion skin reaction on xray
Ewing's sarcoma
217
How long does diabetic patient with osteomyelitis need abx?
6 weeks
218
Most useful confirmatory test for carpal tunnel
EMG
219
What kind of drugs is triptans?
Serotonin agonists
220
Common peroneal nerve entrapment causes what
Foot drop
221
LP for meningoencephalitis (protein, glucose, opening pressure)
Normal protein and glucose
Normal CSF: serum glucose ratio
Slightly elevated opening pressure
222
Craniosynostosis
Premature closure of the cranial sutures
223
DOC for idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
CCB
224
Calcitonin is produced in large quantities in what cancer
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
| Also has large amounts of amyloid stroma
225
One side effect of antithyroid meds is
Rapid agranulocytosis (low neutrophil count)
226
Thyroid disorder that usually follows a viral infection
Subacute thyroiditis
| Patient does not need hyperthyroid meds
227
In nephrogenic DI, what happens to urine osmolality with administration of vasopressin?
No increase in urine osmolality
| Lithium can cause nephrogenic DI
228
Rash, multiorgan dysfunction, shock
TSS from staph aureus
229
CT showing multiple cyst lessons with dot sign
(the eyes)
| Neurocysticercosis from Taenia solium
230
Acute rheumatic fever is caused by
Group A strep
231
3 complications of untreated lyme disease
Erythema migrans
Althralgias
Myocarditis
232
MC cause of viral meningitis
Enterovirus
233
Spaghetti and meatball appearance and well-demarcated macules
Tinea versicolor
234
Auspitz sign
Punctate bleeding spots when plaques of psoriasis are unroofed
235
Med used to prevent tumor lysis syndrome
Allopurinol
236
Mood stabilizer for bipolar patient that can't tolerate lithium
Depakote
237
MC cause of lateral knee pain in runners, positive test
Iliotibial band syndrome
| Positive Ober test
238
What is used to open or close PDA
```
Open = Prostaglandins
Close = Indomethacin
```
239
MC benign ovarian neoplasm
Dermoid cystic teratoma
240
PNA + diarrhea
Legionella
| From air conditioners
241
Pencil in cup deformity
Psoriatic arthritis
242
What can cyclophosphamide cause?
Bladder CA and hemorrhagic cystitis
243
Lymphoma associated with EBV
Burkitt's lymphoma
244
Presentation and definition for Burkitt's lymphoma
- Highly malignant form of NHL
- Common in children
- Rapidly enlarging jaw
245
What does histology show for Burkitt's lymphoma
Starry sky pattern of rapidly proliferating malignant lymphocytes
246
CA with non-contiguous extra nodal spread of disease
NHL
247
Loss of normal shoulder contour
Glenohumeral dislocation
248
MC cause of osteomyelitis
Staph aureus
249
MC cause of osteomyelitis when object goes through a shoe
Pseudomonas
250
Aspergilloma cavity of the lung is MC a result of
Previous TB infection
251
Fifth's disease when pregnant
Hydrops fatalis
252
Treatment for histoplasmosis and cocci
Hist-Itraconazole
| Cocci-Amphotericin B
253
Selective Cox 2 inhibitor (NSAID)
Celecoxib
254
MC cause of seizures and dysentery
Shigella
255
VDRL can be false positive in what patients
SLE
256
Complication of Ziduvodine (HIV med)
Lactic acidosis
257
MC cause of mitral valve stenosis
AF
| Rumbling sound
258
MI and infective endocarditis can cause
Acute mitral regurgitation
259
Pyloric stenosis causes what acid base disorder
Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
260
What can myocarditis cause
Dilated CM
261
Most people with atrial fibrillation have what valvular abnormality?
Tricuspid regurgitation
262
Patient with atherosclerotic disease and c/o acute onset crampy abd pain
Ischemic colitis
263
Patient with hx repeated response tract infection with cough with mucopurulent, foul-smelling sputum
Bronchiectasis (MC caused by cystic fibrosis)
264
Patient c/o skin flushing, wheezing, and diarrhea
Carcinoid syndrome
265
Diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome
Made by 24 hour excretion of 5-HIAA of urine
266
Paradoxal split S2
Aortic stenosis
267
EKG findings for Brugada syndrome
- Associated with sudden cardiac arrest
- Autosomal dominant
- Pseudo RBBB
- Persistent ST segment elevation in leads V1-V2
268
Eisenmenger syndrome
Long standing L-->R shunt leads to pulmonary htn and reversal to cyanotic R-->L shunt
269
7 risk factors for coronary artery disease
```
DM (worst factor)
cigarette smoking
HLD
htn
Males
Age
FH of CAD
```
270
Acute hepatitis can cause what in bloodworm
aplastic anemia (Decreased WBC, RBC, platelets)
271
Causes of worsening hepatic encephalopathy
Constipation
Hypokalemia
High protein diet
Diuretics
272
Med used to prevent vasospasm following an intercerebral hemorrhage
Nimodipine (CCB)
273
Tzank smear showing multinucleate giant cells
Herpes zoster
274
Tx for carotid artery dissection
Anticoags (heparin then warfarin)
275
Trousseau's syndrome
Migratory thrombophlebitis (seen with pancreatic cancer)
276
Triple therapy for H pylori
Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin (or Metronidazole if allergic to PCN), PPI
277
Decreased in patient's radial pulse during inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus
| Seen with constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, obstructive lung disease
278
MC cause of cor pulmonale
COPD
279
Which antipsychotic can cause myocarditis and pericarditis
Clozapine
280
Posterior MI EKG
ST depression and larger R waves in V1,2,3
281
Ischemia without MI EKG
T wave inversion without Q waves
282
Test to confirm diagnosis of epiglottis in a mild resp distress patient
Direct laryngoscopy (to then intubate afterwards)
283
Med used in acute aortic dissection
Beta blockers to slow contraction and HR down
284
Diagnostic test for acute aortic dissection
CT chest/abd
285
Pleural line on CXR
Spontaneous pneumothorax
286
Livido reticularis
Mottled purple discoloration on skin seen with polyarteritis nodosa
287
Moderate vomiting and dehydration can cause what potassium abnormality?
Hypokalemia
288
Confirmatory test for pertussis
PCR assay and antigen detection
289
MC cardiac arrhythmia in patient with hyperthyroidism
Atrial fibrillation, then sinus tachycardia
290
Initial test of choice for diagnosis of hernia
ultrasound
291
Wilson disease
- Kayser Fleischer rings
- Accumulation of copper
- Low serum levels of ceruloplasmin
- Hepatitis, neuro sxs
