Pancreas

Question 1

Name the four major parts of the pancreas.

Answer 1

Head, neck, body, tail

Question 2

The two major pancreatic ducts are the duct of ______ and the duct of ________.

Answer 2

Duct of Wirsung (pancreatic duct) and duct of Santorini

Question 3

List and describe the major exocrine and endocrine components of the pancreas.

Answer 3

The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar cells which produce the enzymes needed for digestion and a series of ductules and ducts that convey secretions to the duodenum.
The endocrine pancreas consists of about 1 million microscopic clusters of cells, the islets of Langerhans

google: The pancreas performs two main functions: Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion. Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream

Question 4

A band-like ring of normal pancreatic tissue that completely encircles the second portion of the duodenum is known as

Answer 4

annular pancrease

Question 5

Briefly describe the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis.

Answer 5

The anatomic changes of acute pancreatitis strongly suggest autodigestion of the pancreatic substance by inappropriately activated pancreatic enzymes.

Question 6

Chalky white areas in the pancreas or surrounding soft tissues of the pancreas are known as

Answer 6

fat necrosis

Question 7

Briefly differentiate the various types of cysts seen in the pancreas

Answer 7

Congenital cysts are believed to result from anomalous development of the pancreatic ducts.
Pseudocysts are localized collections of necrotic-hemorrhagic material rich in pancreatic enzymes.
Mucinous cystic neoplasms – multiloculated, cystic neoplasm filled with thick tenacious mucin (benign or malignant)
Benign - serous cystadenoma
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms – mucin producing intraductal neoplasms

Question 8

Most primary tumors of the pancreas arise in which part of the organ?

Answer 8

Head of the pancreas (60%)

Question 9

Virtually all cancers of the pancreas are

Answer 9

Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Point mutations at codon _______ are found in over 90% of pancreatic cancers and 50%-70% exhibit inactivation of the _______ tumor suppressor gene.

Answer 10

K-ras

google:
K-ras point mutation at codon 12 in pancreatic juice is an objective method for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,

Question 11

This disease is characterized by pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and parathyroid hyperplasia.
A. MEN I
B. MEN II-A
C. MEN II-B
D. Addison disease

Answer 11

B. MEN II-A

Question 12

A catastrophic syndrome characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection, rapidly progressive hypotension, DIC and massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage
A. Addison Disease
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Waterhouse-Friderichesen syndrome

Answer 12

D. Waterhouse-Friderichesen syndrome

Question 13

The most common of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, these benign tumors histologically look remarkably like giant islets. Deposition of amyloid is a characteristic feature
A. Gastrinomas
B. Insulinomas
C. Adenocarcinomas
D. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Answer 13

B. Insulinomas