Pancreas

Question 1

Is the pancreas endocrine or exocrine

Answer 1

Both endocrine and exocrine

Question 2

Outline the exocrine gland part of the pancreas

Answer 2

Cells of pancreatic acini secrete digestive enzymes

Question 3

Outline the endocrine gland part of the pancreas

Answer 3

Pancreatic islets (1% of mass)
Beta cells - secrete insulin
Alpha cells - secrete glucagon

Question 4

What occurs when blood sugar concentration is too high, and too low

Answer 4

Too high - diabetes
Too low - hypoglycaemia

Question 5

Outline the fed and fasting state

Answer 5

Fed state - cellular uptake of nutrients and anabolic metabolism (synthesis of glycogen, protein, and fat)
Fasting state - Mobilisation of nutrients and catabolic metabolism (breakdown of glycogen, protein, and fat)

Question 6

Outline the homeostatic responses to an increase and a decrease in blood glucose concentration

Answer 6

Increase - insulin secretion
Decrease - glucagon secretion

Question 7

What is gluconeogenisis

Answer 7

New glucose synthesis
Fatty acids and amino acids form glucose

Question 8

How is glucose stored

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

What type of hormone is insulin

Answer 9

A peptide hormone (water soluble)

Question 10

Outline the homeostatic response to an increase in blood glucose concentration levels

Answer 10

Increase in blood glucose concentration
Pancreatic islet beta cells secrete insulin
Insulin received by target cells. Effects include liver glucose output stops. Muscle and adipose tissue uptake glucose
Blood glucose concentration decreases - stimulus decreases
Negative feedback loop

Question 11

Outline the homeostatic response to an decrease in blood glucose concentration levels

Answer 11

Blood glucose concentration decrease
Pancreatic islet alpha cells secrete glucagon
Target cells - liver undergoes breakdown of glycogen, increases glucose synthesis, increases ketone synthesis (glucose alternative)