Pancreas

Question 1

In what cavity does the pancreas lie in?

Answer 1

retroperitoneum

E 64

Question 2

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 2

secrete trypsin lipase and amylase through the ductal system

E 64

Question 3

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 3

secrete insulin via the islets of langerhans

E 64

Question 4

The head of the pancreas is anterior to the ___.

Answer 4

IVC

E 65

Question 5

The head of the pancreas is medial to the ___.

Answer 5

duodenum

E 65

Question 6

The CBD is posterior/lateral to the ___.

Answer 6

pancreatic head

E 65

Question 7

The gastroduodenal artery is anterior/lateral to the ___.

Answer 7

pancreatic head

E 65

Question 8

The superior mesenteric artery and vein are ___ to the neck of the pancreas and uncinate process.

Answer 8

anterior

E 65

Question 9

The pancreatic tail is ___ and ___ to the splenic hilum.

Answer 9

anterior; medial

E 65

Question 10

The aorta is ___ to the body of the pancreas.

Answer 10

posterior

E 66

Question 11

The celiac axis arises from the aorta at the ___ border if the pancreas.

Answer 11

superior

E 66

Question 12

The SMA arises from the aorta at the ___ border of the pancreas.

Answer 12

inferior

E 66

Question 13

The celiac axis gives off the ___ ___ artery and then divides into ___ ___ artery and ___ artery.

Answer 13

left gastric
common hepatic
splenic
E 66

Question 14

The common hepatic artery divides into the ___ ___ artery and ___ artery.

Answer 14

proper hepatic
gastroduodenal
E 66

Question 15

The splenic vein is located on the ___ aspect of the pancreas.

Answer 15

posterior

E 67

Question 16

The splenic vein joins with the SMV to create the ___ ___ vein.

Answer 16

main portal

E 67

Question 17

What is the main pancreatic duct named and where is it located?

Answer 17

duct of Wirsung
body and tail
E 68

Question 18

What is the accessory pancreatic duct named and where is it located?

Answer 18

duct of Santorini
head
E 68

Question 19

What pancreatic duct size is considered enlarged?

Answer 19

> 2.0 mm

E 69

Question 20

What are the sonographic findings of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 20

enlarged hypoechoic gland

E 70

Question 21

How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?

Answer 21

lab values amylase and lipase are elevated

E 70

Question 22

What is acute pancreatitis caused by?

Answer 22

gallstones
alcohol abuse
E 70

Question 23

What is a pancreatic phlegmon?

Answer 23

a spreading inflammatory reaction to an infection that results in a lesion (focal mass)
E 70

Question 24

What can acute pancreatitis can lead to?

Answer 24

resolve
pseudocyst formation
chronic pancreatitis
E 70

Question 25

What are the sonogaphic findings of chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 25

``` small echogenic gland calcifications ductal dilitation pseudocyst formation portal vein thrombosis E 71 ```

Question 26

Are amylase and lipase elevated in chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 26

no, only during acute attacks | E 71

Question 27

What is chronic pancreatitis caused by?

Answer 27

alcoholism (most common) | E 71

Question 28

What is the most common cause of pancreatic dysfunction in a child?

Answer 28

cystic fibrosis | E 71

Question 29

What is a pancreatic psuedocyst?

Answer 29

accumulation of fluid and debris in an attempt to wall off the pancreatic secreations to prevent further tissue damage E 72

Question 30

What are common causes of pancreatic psuedocysts?

Answer 30

``` acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis pancreatic trauma pancreatic ductal obstruction pancreatic neoplasms E 72 ```

Question 31

What is an annular pancreas?

Answer 31

congenital anomaly where the ventral pancreas encircles the second portion of the duodenum E 72

Question 32

Where is the most common location for pancreatic adenocarcinoma to arise from?

Answer 32

pancreatic head | E 73

Question 33

What are the symptoms of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 33

abdominal pain jaundice weight loss E 73

Question 34

What are the sonographic findings of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 34

solid hypoechoic mass | E 73

Question 35

What procedure is performed with cancer of the head of the pancreas?

Answer 35

Whipple procedure- removes head of pancreas, portion of CBD, GB, and duedenum.

Question 36

Is pancreatic serous cystadenoma malignant or benign?

Answer 36

benign | E 74

Question 37

What are the sonographic findings of serous cystadenoma?

Answer 37

clusters of grape like cysts external lobulation E 74

Question 38

Are mucinous cystic neoplasms malignant or benign?

Answer 38

malignant | E 74

Question 39

What are the sonographic findings of mucinous cystic neoplasms?

Answer 39

large multicystic mass with numerous septations and debris difficult to distinguish between a serous and mucinous neoplasm E 74

Question 40

What are the most common Islet cell tumors?

Answer 40

insulinoma - benign gastrinoma - malignant E 75