pancreas powerpoint

Question 1

endocrine meaning

Answer 1

secretion of hormones
directly into the blood
and lymph

Question 2

exocrine meaning

Answer 2

secreting outwardly
via a duct

Question 3

where is the endocrine function located

Answer 3

Islets of Langerhan

Question 4

3 types of cells withing Islets of langerhan

Answer 4

alpha
beta
delta

Question 5

which is the most prevalent cells in islet of langerhan and what do they produce

Answer 5

beta, insulin

Question 6

What does alpha cells produce

Answer 6

glucagon

Question 7

what does insulin do?

Answer 7

Facilitates transport of glucose across the cell membranes”:
 Insulin enables cells in the body to take up
glucose, thereby decreasing blood sugar in the body. Therefore insulin is needed to
decrease/control blood sugar.

Question 8

When blood glucose levels rise above 100
mg/dl, cells in the islet of Langerhans __________ insulin

Answer 8

exude

Question 9

exocrine secretion is performed by ______– cells

Answer 9

acini

Question 10

acini cells can produce up to _______ of pancreatic juice a day

Answer 10

2L

Question 11

what is chyme

Answer 11

partially digested food

Question 12

The hormones that act on pancreatic juice
formation are:
 Gastrin
 Cholecystokinin
 Acetylcholine
 secretin

Question 13

what does amylase do?

Answer 13

• breaks down complex
  carbohydrates into sugars

Question 14

what does lipase do?

Answer 14

– responsible for 80% of all fat
digestion

Question 15

what does trypsinogen do?

Answer 15

• reduces proteins to amino
  acids

Question 16

what does chymotrypsinogen do?

Answer 16

– activated by
trypsinogen and also reduces proteins to
amino acids

Question 17

what is the most likely cause of significantly elevated amylase?

Answer 17

acute pancreatitis

but can also increase with pancreatic duct
obstruction, perforated peptic ulcer, partial
gastrectomy, alcohol poisoning, acute
cholecystitis, and intestinal obstruction or
ischemia (death)

Question 18

how long is Urinary amylase elevated after serum levels return to normal in
pancreatitis

Answer 18

up to 7 days

Question 19

when is lipase increased?

Answer 19

with pancreatitis, duct
obstruction, or pancreatic carcinoma

Question 20

fecal fat values(grey/chalky white stool) means

Answer 20

fats are not being broken down so probably pancreatitis

Question 21

types of pancreas pathology

Answer 21

 Inflammatory diseases
acute pancreatitis
chronic pancreatitis
 Neoplastic changes
 Non-neoplastic cystic lesions

Question 22

what is acute pancreatitis caused by and what does it look like

Answer 22

Usually caused by excessive intake of
alcohol or biliary tract disease
 All or part of the pancreas is inflamed

Question 23

Diffuse inflammatory edema of soft tissues

May appear hypoechoic with extension of
inflamed tissues beyond the gland margins
 May involve the lesser sac and left pararenal space

Answer 23

phlegmon

Question 24

Sonographic appearance:
◼ well-defined mass
◼ anechoic with low-level echoes
◼ echogenic margins (thicker than congenital cyst)
◼ ascites if ruptured

Answer 24

Pseudocysts

Question 25

 Sudden onset of severe midepigastric pain often radiating to the back  Relief of pain by sitting up or bending at the waist  Chills and fever  Nausea & vomiting  Serum amylase and WBC may be elevated

Answer 25

Abscess

Question 26

 Enlarged  Hypoechoic  May appear normal in some cases  Pancreatic duct may enlarge >2 mm  Presence of pancreatic pseudocysts (encapsulated collections of tissue- destruction by-products) seen in half the patients - usually in tail of pancreas

Answer 26

abscess

Question 27

____________ is characterized by bleeding within or around the pancreas, and is usually considered a rapid progression of acute pancreatitis

Answer 27

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 28

difference sonographically from acute and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 28

acute is puffed up and might look normal chronic has echogenic foci and calcifications

Question 29

what pathology Protein plugs develop in ducts, blocking release of digestive enzymes leading to interlobular fibrosis and destruction and atrophy of functioning tissue

Answer 29

Chronic Pancreatitis

Question 30

Pancreatic Cysts  True - congenital (anomalous development of duct) or acquired (retention, parasitic, or neoplastic)  Polycystic – associated with renal disease  Pseudocysts - always acquired; result from acute or chronic pancreatitis

Question 31

inherited disease characterized by presence of multiple small cysts in the kidneys, liver, and pancreas

Answer 31

Polycystic disease

Question 32

2 types of most common pancreatic tumors

Answer 32

Insulinoma or gastrinoma

Question 33

2 types of pancreatic cancer

Answer 33

Adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumore

Question 34

where does neuroendocrine tumors begin?

Answer 34

in endocrine cells responsible for producing hormones

Question 35

where does adenocarcinoma begin

Answer 35

in exocrine cells responsible for producing pancreatic enzymes

Question 36

most common pancreatic neoplasm

Answer 36

adenocarcinoma (95%)

Question 37

most common site for adenocarcinoma

Answer 37

the head but can occur in body and tail

Question 38

patients with a tumor in the head of the pancreas presents with a painless jaundice and a palpable ____________ gallbladder

Answer 38

courvoisier