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Physiology Unit 7 > Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions > Flashcards

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

what cleaves trypsinogen and where

A

enteropeptidase, intestine

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2
Q

pancreatic endocrine secretions come from

A

islets of langerhans

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3
Q

alpha beta and delta pancreatic cells are all in

A

islets of langerhans

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4
Q

alpha cells in pancreatic islets of langerhans secrete

A

glucagon

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5
Q

beta cells in pancreatic islets of langerhans secrete

A

insulin

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6
Q

delta cells in pancreatic islets of langerhans secrete

A

somatostatin

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7
Q

endocrine secretions enter

A

blood stream

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8
Q

exocrine secretions ener

A

ducts

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9
Q

pancreatic aqueous juice is secreted by

A

duct cells

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10
Q

pancreatic enzyme juice is secreted by

A

acinar cells

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11
Q

pancreatic duct cells secrete

A

pancreatic aqueous juice

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12
Q

pancreatic aqueous juice

A
  • contains bicarbonate to neutralize acid

- secreted from pancreatic duct cells

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13
Q

path: acinar cells in intercalated ducts - secretory ducts - ducts of Wirsung and Santorini - duodenum

A

pancreatic enzyme juice

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14
Q

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

A

endocrine pancreatic secretions (islets of langerhans)

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15
Q

aqueous juice, enzyme juice

A

exocrine pancreatic secretions

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16
Q

secretes bicarbonate; cuboidal; abundant mitochondria

A

duct cell

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17
Q

specialized for protein secretion; have large condensing vacuoles which form mature zymogen granules which store digestive enzymes; have microvilli

A

acinar cell

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18
Q

pancreatitis

A

enzymes are released into cell instead of being packaged into zymogen granules

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19
Q

vagus stimulates pancreatic acinar cells via

A

Ach

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20
Q

secretin and CCK

A

act synergistically on pancreatic sections (enzymes and aqueous)

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21
Q

secretin and VIP both increase

A

cAMP

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22
Q

CCK, Ach, and gastrin all increase

A

intracellular calcium

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23
Q

Ach and CCK (stimulate/inhibit) NaCl secretion by acinar cells

A

stimulate

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24
Q

most powerful stimulus for duct cell HCO3 secretion

A

secretin

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25
stimulates Ca release from duct cells via a G coupled protein
Ach
26
how is the alkaline tide negated
proton pump and Na/H exchange during aqueous secretion
27
secretin uses cAMP to
activate CFTR Cl channel - Cl enters lumen of duct cell
28
activation of CFTR Cl channel by secretin
replenished lumenal Cl needed for Cl/HCO3 exchange
29
when CCK increases intracellular Ca, secretin
is activated, primes Na/K ATPase
30
what happens to HCO3 and Cl content at fast secretion rates
- have less time to exchange - more HCO3 in secretion fluid - less Cl
31
exchange hypothesis
high bicarb, low electrolytes in secreted fluid with increased secretion rate
32
CF makes pancreatic secretions (thick/thin)
thick | -don't have enough aqueous solution to dilute
33
stages 1 and 2 of pancreatic secretion
low volume | high enzyme content
34
vagus stimulates acinar cells more than ductal cells (low volume, large enzyme content) during
cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion
35
distention of body of stomach induces pancreatic enzyme secretion via
vagovagal reflex
36
antral distention causes release of gastrin, stimulates acinar cells to secrete enzymes and oxyntic cells to secrete HCl during
gastric phase of pancreatic secretion
37
digestion stimulates release of CCK and secretin into blood during
intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion
38
S cells in duodenal mucosa secrete ____ in response to acid entering intestine
secretin
39
nature's antacid; inhibits gastrin and HCl release; elicits acqueous release from duct cells
secretin
40
secretin inhibits
gastrin
41
stimulates chief cells to make pepsinogen, duct cells to produce aqueous juice; inhibits gastrin
secretin
42
causes gallbladder contraction; relaxes sphincter of Oddi to release bile from gallbladder into duodenum; slows gastrin emptying
CCK
43
low volume; high enzyme content
pancreatic enzyme secretion
44
RLS in bile formation
addition of OH on position 7 by cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
45
agent that stimulates liver to produce bile
choleretic
46
lower bile by preventing reabsorption form the gut
bile acid sequestrants
47
bile acids are conjugated with what in the liver
with glycine, taurine
48
bile salts have (same/different) hydrophobic end
same
49
bile salts have (same/different) hydrophilic end
different
50
conjugation of bile salts with glycine or taurine makes them
more water soluble
51
cholic, chenodeoxycholic
two possible forms of conjugated bile
52
what deconjugates bile
intestinal bacteria
53
bile is secreted into ____, which empty into bile ducts
canaliculi
54
bile is stored and concentrated in
gall bladder
55
flow of bile if sphincter of oddi is open
bile ducts - hepatic ducts - common bile duct - duodenum
56
flow of bile if sphincter of oddi is closed
bile ducts - cystic duct - gall bladder
57
necessary for digestion and absorption of lipids and for elimination of cholesterol and bile pigments
bile, CCK, gall bladder contraction and open sphincter of oddi
58
enterohepatic circulation
performs bile reabsorption and secretion
59
bile returns to liver bound to
albumin
60
sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)
take bile into liver
61
type of secretion of water HCO3- rich fluid by cholangiocytes; stimulated by secretin
bile acid-independent
62
type of secretion by hepatic parenchymal cells
bile acid independent secretion
63
bile acids returning to the liver via portal blood does 2 things to hepatic parenchymal cells
- stimulates secretion of bile acids | - inhibits synthesis of bile acids
64
what happens to most bile acids
reabsorbed as cojugated bile salts in terminal ileum through Na-coupled cotransporter
65
what does terminal ileum resection cause; how is it treated
bile salt malabsorption - chronic diarrhea, | treated with bile acid sequestrants
66
neural gallbladder emptying, relaxation of sphincter of oddi
vagus
67
hormonal gallbladder emptying, relaxation of sphincter of oddi
CCK
68
bile pigments, bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin, and fatty acids are concentrated
in the gallbladder
69
contrinued micellar formation, and active transport of Na, Cl, and HCO3 out of gallbladder allow
gallbladder to concentrate bile components
70
gallbladder performs ____ absorption of NaCl
isotonic
71
serve as solvents for hydrophobic waste products to be removed from body
bile micelles
72
bile micelles form at
critical micelle concentration of bile salts
73
Na, K, Ca, bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, and fatty acids are all (higher/lower) in composition in the liver compared to the gallbladder
lower
74
Cl and HCO3- are (higer/lower) in composition in the liver compared to the gallbladder
higher

Physiology Unit 7 (3 decks)

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