Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gastrology Medicine > Pancreatitis > Flashcards

Pancreatitis Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

Gallstones, alcohol consumption, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, infections, trauma, and certain drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the initial step in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?

A

Conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin within acinar cells, leading to autodigestion of the pancreas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the common clinical features of acute pancreatitis?

A

Severe epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, and radiating pain to the back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign?

A

Ecchymosis in one or both flanks, indicating retroperitoneal hemorrhage in severe pancreatitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A

Periumbilical ecchymosis, suggesting hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?

A

Presence of two of the three criteria: epigastric pain, serum amylase or lipase >3 times normal, and imaging findings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which imaging modality is preferred for diagnosing acute pancreatitis?

A

Contrast-enhanced CT scan or MRI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What laboratory tests are commonly used in acute pancreatitis diagnosis?

A

Serum amylase, lipase, full blood count, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and lipid profile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of ERCP in pancreatitis?

A

Used in suspected biliary pancreatitis, especially in cases of obstructive jaundice or cholangitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most important treatment for acute pancreatitis?

A

Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation and supportive care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the patient kept nil per oral (NPO) in acute pancreatitis?

A

To rest the pancreas and reduce enzyme secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of narcotic analgesics in pancreatitis?

A

Used to control severe abdominal pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are antibiotics indicated in acute pancreatitis?

A

Only in cases of infected pancreatic necrosis or sepsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prognosis of acute pancreatitis?

A

85-90% of cases are self-limited and resolve within 3-7 days with proper management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are complications of acute pancreatitis?

A

Pseudocysts, necrosis, infection, pancreatic abscess, and organ failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis?

A

A disease process characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas, leading to progressive loss of function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the major causes of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Chronic alcohol use, tobacco use, genetic factors, autoimmune pancreatitis, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Abdominal pain, maldigestion, weight loss, and diabetes mellitus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does abdominal pain present in chronic pancreatitis?

A

Pain is variable in severity, may be constant or intermittent, and is worsened by eating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Bulky, foul-smelling stools with fat droplets due to fat malabsorption in chronic pancreatitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is chronic pancreatitis diagnosed?

A

Based on clinical features, imaging (CT, MRI, or ERCP), and pancreatic function tests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cornerstone of treatment for steatorrhea in chronic pancreatitis?

A

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is pain managed in chronic pancreatitis?

A

With analgesics, lifestyle modifications, and sometimes endoscopic or surgical interventions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the indications for surgical intervention in chronic pancreatitis?
Severe pain refractory to medical management, pseudocysts, or bile duct obstruction.
26
What is the role of endoscopic therapy in chronic pancreatitis?
Used for ductal decompression, pseudocyst drainage, or stone removal.
27
What are some risk factors for pancreatitis?
Alcohol abuse, gallstones, smoking, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and certain medications.
28
What medications can induce pancreatitis?
Azathioprine, corticosteroids, valproic acid, diuretics, and tetracyclines.
29
What metabolic disorders can lead to pancreatitis?
Hypercalcemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
30
What are the vascular causes of pancreatitis?
Vasculitis and ischemic injury to the pancreas.
31
What infectious agents can cause pancreatitis?
Mumps, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis viruses.
32
What surgical procedure can predispose a patient to pancreatitis?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
33
What is the mortality rate in severe acute pancreatitis?
Up to 30% in severe cases with multiorgan failure.
34
What is the Ranson’s criteria used for?
Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and patient prognosis.
35
What are the key Ranson’s criteria on admission?
Age >55 years, WBC >16,000/mm³, glucose >200 mg/dL, AST >250 IU/L, LDH >350 IU/L.
36
What are the most common long-term complications of chronic pancreatitis?
Diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
37
Why do chronic pancreatitis patients develop diabetes?
Due to progressive destruction of pancreatic islet cells leading to insulin deficiency.
38
What are the dietary recommendations for chronic pancreatitis?
Low-fat diet, avoiding alcohol, and supplementing with pancreatic enzymes.
39
What is the role of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation in chronic pancreatitis?
To prevent deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K due to malabsorption.
40
What lifestyle modifications can help prevent pancreatitis?
Avoiding alcohol, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy weight.
41
What is the role of cystic fibrosis in pancreatitis?
Cystic fibrosis can cause pancreatic insufficiency leading to chronic pancreatitis.
42
What are the signs of pancreatic cancer in a patient with chronic pancreatitis?
Painless jaundice, weight loss, and worsening diabetes.
43
What imaging modality is best for detecting pancreatic necrosis?
Contrast-enhanced CT scan.
44
How can pancreatic pseudocysts be managed?
Observation, endoscopic drainage, or surgical intervention if symptomatic or infected.
45
What is the leading cause of pancreatitis in children?
Trauma and hereditary pancreatitis.
46
What is autoimmune pancreatitis?
A rare form of pancreatitis caused by immune-mediated inflammation, often responsive to steroids.
47
What is the first-line treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis?
Corticosteroids like prednisone.
48
What is the most common site of pain in pancreatitis?
Epigastric region with radiation to the back.
49
What clinical feature suggests severe pancreatitis?
Persistent organ failure lasting >48 hours.
50
What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in severe pancreatitis?
Hypocalcemia (due to fat necrosis binding calcium).
51
Why is early enteral feeding preferred in acute pancreatitis?
Reduces infection risk, maintains gut integrity, and supports recovery.
52
What is acute pancreatitis?
Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.
53
What are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones, alcohol consumption, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, infections, trauma, and certain drugs.
54
What is the initial step in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?
Conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin within acinar cells, leading to autodigestion of the pancreas.
55
What are the common clinical features of acute pancreatitis?
Severe epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, and radiating pain to the back.
56
What is Grey Turner's sign?
Ecchymosis in one or both flanks, indicating retroperitoneal hemorrhage in severe pancreatitis.
57
What is Cullen’s sign?
Periumbilical ecchymosis, suggesting hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
58
How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?
Presence of two of the three criteria: epigastric pain, serum amylase or lipase >3 times normal, and imaging findings.
59
Which imaging modality is preferred for diagnosing acute pancreatitis?
Contrast-enhanced CT scan or MRI.
60
What laboratory tests are commonly used in acute pancreatitis diagnosis?
Serum amylase, lipase, full blood count, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and lipid profile.
61
What is the role of ERCP in pancreatitis?
Used in suspected biliary pancreatitis, especially in cases of obstructive jaundice or cholangitis.
62
What is the most important treatment for acute pancreatitis?
Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation and supportive care.
63
Why is the patient kept nil per oral (NPO) in acute pancreatitis?
To rest the pancreas and reduce enzyme secretion.
64
What is the role of narcotic analgesics in pancreatitis?
Used to control severe abdominal pain.
65
When are antibiotics indicated in acute pancreatitis?
Only in cases of infected pancreatic necrosis or sepsis.
66
What is the prognosis of acute pancreatitis?
85-90% of cases are self-limited and resolve within 3-7 days with proper management.
67
What are complications of acute pancreatitis?
Pseudocysts, necrosis, infection, pancreatic abscess, and organ failure.
68
What is chronic pancreatitis?
A disease process characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas, leading to progressive loss of function.
69
What are the major causes of chronic pancreatitis?
Chronic alcohol use, tobacco use, genetic factors, autoimmune pancreatitis, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.
70
What are the cardinal symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?
Abdominal pain, maldigestion, weight loss, and diabetes mellitus.
71
How does abdominal pain present in chronic pancreatitis?
Pain is variable in severity, may be constant or intermittent, and is worsened by eating.
72
What is steatorrhea?
Bulky, foul-smelling stools with fat droplets due to fat malabsorption in chronic pancreatitis.
73
How is chronic pancreatitis diagnosed?
Based on clinical features, imaging (CT, MRI, or ERCP), and pancreatic function tests.
74
What is the cornerstone of treatment for steatorrhea in chronic pancreatitis?
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT).
75
How is pain managed in chronic pancreatitis?
With analgesics, lifestyle modifications, and sometimes endoscopic or surgical interventions.
76
What are the indications for surgical intervention in chronic pancreatitis?
Severe pain refractory to medical management, pseudocysts, or bile duct obstruction.
77
What is the role of endoscopic therapy in chronic pancreatitis?
Used for ductal decompression, pseudocyst drainage, or stone removal.
78
What are some risk factors for pancreatitis?
Alcohol abuse, gallstones, smoking, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and certain medications.
79
What medications can induce pancreatitis?
Azathioprine, corticosteroids, valproic acid, diuretics, and tetracyclines.
80
What metabolic disorders can lead to pancreatitis?
Hypercalcemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
81
What are the vascular causes of pancreatitis?
Vasculitis and ischemic injury to the pancreas.
82
What infectious agents can cause pancreatitis?
Mumps, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis viruses.
83
What surgical procedure can predispose a patient to pancreatitis?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
84
What is the mortality rate in severe acute pancreatitis?
Up to 30% in severe cases with multiorgan failure.
85
What is the Ranson’s criteria used for?
Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and patient prognosis.
86
What are the key Ranson’s criteria on admission?
Age >55 years, WBC >16,000/mm³, glucose >200 mg/dL, AST >250 IU/L, LDH >350 IU/L.
87
What are the most common long-term complications of chronic pancreatitis?
Diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
88
Why do chronic pancreatitis patients develop diabetes?
Due to progressive destruction of pancreatic islet cells leading to insulin deficiency.
89
What are the dietary recommendations for chronic pancreatitis?
Low-fat diet, avoiding alcohol, and supplementing with pancreatic enzymes.
90
What is the role of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation in chronic pancreatitis?
To prevent deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K due to malabsorption.
91
What lifestyle modifications can help prevent pancreatitis?
Avoiding alcohol, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy weight.
92
What is the role of cystic fibrosis in pancreatitis?
Cystic fibrosis can cause pancreatic insufficiency leading to chronic pancreatitis.
93
What are the signs of pancreatic cancer in a patient with chronic pancreatitis?
Painless jaundice, weight loss, and worsening diabetes.
94
What imaging modality is best for detecting pancreatic necrosis?
Contrast-enhanced CT scan.
95
How can pancreatic pseudocysts be managed?
Observation, endoscopic drainage, or surgical intervention if symptomatic or infected.
96
What is the leading cause of pancreatitis in children?
Trauma and hereditary pancreatitis.
97
What is autoimmune pancreatitis?
A rare form of pancreatitis caused by immune-mediated inflammation, often responsive to steroids.
98
What is the first-line treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis?
Corticosteroids like prednisone.
99
What is the most common site of pain in pancreatitis?
Epigastric region with radiation to the back.
100
What clinical feature suggests severe pancreatitis?
Persistent organ failure lasting >48 hours.
101
What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in severe pancreatitis?
Hypocalcemia (due to fat necrosis binding calcium).
102
Why is early enteral feeding preferred in acute pancreatitis?
Reduces infection risk, maintains gut integrity, and supports recovery.

Gastrology Medicine (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions