Panic, Anxiety & Their Disorders

Question 0

Anxiety

Answer 0

Complex
Normal reaction to stress
Helps deal/prepare for tense situation
Excessive= disorder

Question 1

Fear

Answer 1

Basic emotion enabling a quick response when faced with imminent threat

Question 2

5 major types of anxiety disorders

Answer 2

Generalised anxiety disorder
OCD
Panic disorder
PTSD
Social phobia

Question 3

Treatment for anxiety disorders

Answer 3

Medication
Psychotherapy
One, other or both

Question 4

Treatment of phobia

Answer 4

Just psychotherapy

Question 5

Medications to treat anxiety

Answer 5

SSRIs
Tricyclics
MAOIs
Benzodiazepines

Question 6

Types if psychotherapy

Answer 6

Change thinking patterns
Cognitive behavioural therapy (good for panic disorder/social phobia)
Teach how to reinterpret symptoms- as anxiety not heart attack

Question 7

Describe the behavioural component of CBT

Answer 7

Change peoples reaction to anxiety provoking situations
Key = exposure
Confront things they fear

Question 8

Describe Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 8

Chronic or excessive worry
Heritable
Runs in families

Question 9

What NTs play a role in GAD?

Answer 9

GABA

…….

Question 10

Causes of GAD:

Answer 10

Conflict between id & ego
Life experiences- a lot of stress/uncontrollable events/unpleasant events
Info processing: If anxious, tuned to monitoring danger/ frightening things

Question 11

Phobia

Answer 11

Persistent & disproportionate fear of some specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger

Question 12

3 types if phobia

Answer 12

……

Question 13

Acrophobia

Answer 13

Heights

Question 14

Incidence of blood injection injury phobia

Answer 14

3-4%

Question 15

Incidence of phobias in men & women

Answer 15

Women 16%

Men 7%

Question 16

Causes of phobias

Answer 16

Traumatic conditioning of fear
Genetic & temperamental factors effect speed & strength of fear response
Evolutionary preparedness

Question 17

Evolutionary preparedness

Answer 17

Easier to develop fears for some things than others (eg snakes easier than flowers- almost impossible)

Question 18

Treating phobias

Answer 18

Exposure
Gradually
Establishes a response hierarchy
Systematic desensitisation

Question 19

Systemic desensitisation

Answer 19

Start with picture, move up hierarchy until they are no longer afraid. Exposure- never avoid. Go through steps, learn it’s not as bad as you think.

Question 20

Different phobia treatments:

Answer 20

Participant modelling

Virtual reality therapy

Question 21

Social phobia

Answer 21

Disabling fears of 1 or more discrete social situations in which he/she may be exposed to the scrutiny & potential negative evaluations of others

Question 22

Treatment for social phobias

Answer 22

Behavioural therapy (exposure)
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Medications

Question 23

Panic disorder

Answer 23

Unexpected panic attacks
Out of the blue 
Unexpected & repeated episodes of intense fear 
Chest pain, palpitations, breath, dizzy 
(mimic symptoms if heart attack)

Question 24

Agoraphobia

Answer 24

Fear of going outside Can happen in panic disorders Fear if going somewhere whee they had a panic attack

Question 25

Causes if panic disorder

Answer 25

Hereditary | ........

Question 26

What % of adults have had PD in their life?

Answer 26

3.5%

Question 27

NTs involved in PD

Answer 27

NA | 5HT

Question 28

Treatment of PD

Answer 28

Help them interpret symptoms as anxiety not heart problems. CBT Medication Can reduce by 70%

Question 29

OCD

Answer 29

Occurrence of unwanted & intrusive obsessive thoughts or distressing images Usually accompanied by compulsive behaviours to neutralise obsessive thoughts/images Prevents dreaded event/situation

Question 30

OCD prevalence in men & women?

Answer 30

Equal

Question 31

Causes if OCD (psychosocial):

Answer 31

Obsessions with dirt have evolutionary roots Take away fear= v rewarding (eg hand washing) Attempting to suppress unwanted thoughts- increases those thoughts

Question 32

Biological causal factors for OCD:

Answer 32

Hereditary NTs .....

Question 33

OCD treatment

Answer 33

Behavioral treatment Exposure ..... Keep hands dirty- won't die!

Question 34

Mood disorders

Answer 34

Disturbances of mood that are INTENSE and PERSISTENT Maladaptive

Question 35

Unipolar disorders

Answer 35

Depressed

Question 36

Bipolar

Answer 36

Switch from manic to depressed

Question 37

Which is more common uni/bipolar?

Answer 37

Unipolar

Question 38

Symptoms if depressing

Answer 38

``` Insomnia Poor appetite Inability to concentrate/enjoy Fatigue Thoughts if death/suicide ```

Question 39

Symptoms of mania

Answer 39

``` Abnormal/excessive elation Unusual irritability ⬇️ need for sleep Racing thoughts ⬆️ sex drive ```

Question 40

2 common causes of depression

Answer 40

Loss/grieving process | Postnatal depression

Question 41

2 mild categories of depression:

Answer 41

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood (eg new job/country) Dysthymia

Question 42

Biological causal factors of unipolar disorder

Answer 42

Genetic NTs Cortisol Pleasure centre of brain

Question 43

Psychosocial causes if depression:

Answer 43

Life experiences | .....

Question 44

Hopelessness theory

Answer 44

Proposes pessimistic attributional style is a predisposition for depression