paper 1

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

shared behaviours and beliefs of a group of people.

Question 2

society

Answer 2

people will a common culture

Question 3

norms

Answer 3

informal rules that influence social behaviour and are established over time

Question 4

values

Answer 4

a belief that determines how someone leads their life.

Question 5

Miller(1989)

Answer 5

we may consume the same things around the world but hoe we consume them may be different in different cultures

Question 6

role

Answer 6

patters of behaviour

Question 7

examples of cultures

Answer 7

• Ramadan
• different food

Question 7

examples of cultures

Answer 7

• Ramadan
• different food

Question 8

examples of society

Answer 8

• british society
• family

Question 9

examples of norms

Answer 9

• being polite
• wear clothes in public

Question 10

examples of values

Answer 10

• be polite
• should not steal

Question 11

example of a role

Answer 11

• teacher
• student

Question 12

belief

Answer 12

things that people hold to be true.

Question 13

subculture

Answer 13

a smaller culture within a bigger culture

Question 14

high culture

Answer 14

culture associated with the more privileged

Question 15

popular culture

Answer 15

cultural products and activities that are enjoyed by most of the population

Question 16

Oakley (1981) - feminist

Answer 16

gender tole socialisation

argues that gender roles are socially constructed, children are socialized into their gender roles
- canalisation
- verbal

Question 17

youth culture

Answer 17

set of norms and values that connect young people

Question 18

delinquency

Answer 18

criminal behaviour carried out by young people

• skipping school
• underage drinking

Question 19

consumer culture

Answer 19

set of ideas that encourage people to buy products

Question 20

global culture

Answer 20

norms and values that cross over worldwide. - globalisation

Question 21

hebdige ( 1979)

Answer 21

subcultures
subcultures as they have roots in deviance are usually made up of working class

Question 22

characteristics of subcultures

Answer 22

• shared language
• shared norms, practices, beliefs

Question 23

socialisation

Answer 23

person learns the norms and values in society

Question 24

cultural hybridity

Answer 24

new form of culture which is made of 2 or more different cultures

Question 25

nature debate

Answer 25

genes and other bio factors

Question 26

nurture debate

Answer 26

upbringing

Question 27

secondary socialisation

Answer 27

received after primary socialisation

Question 28

deliberate socialisation

Answer 28

teaching personally on purpose - telling a child to say thank you

Question 29

primary socialisation

Answer 29

informal process where we learn the norms and values of our culture - main influence is family

Question 30

agencies of socialisation

Answer 30

- family - peer groups - education - media - religion - workplace

Question 31

unconscious socialisation

Answer 31

unintentionally passing on behaviours

Question 32

social control

Answer 32

ways in which our behaviour is controlled and reinforced by sanctions.

Question 33

deviance

Answer 33

breaking away from what is considered normal

Question 34

formal social control

Answer 34

an official reaction or treatment - warnings from police - sentence from court

Question 35

informal social control

Answer 35

unofficial reaction - socially excluding someone - celebs being criticised in mags

Question 36

positive formal sanction

Answer 36

pay rise

Question 37

positive informal sanction

Answer 37

saying "thank you"

Question 38

negative formal sanction

Answer 38

exclusion from school

Question 39

positive informal sanction

Answer 39

compliments

Question 40

Skeleton and Francis(2003)

Answer 40

peer group as an agent of socialisation - found play was very gendered with boys dominating space

Question 41

lees(1983)

Answer 41

looked at pressure on teenage girls by peers - double standards. - "slag"

Question 42

harris(1989)

Answer 42

peer groups can be more influential than family in shaping kids identities

Question 43

mulvey(1975)

Answer 43

media as an agent of socialisation - male gaze

Question 44

young(2007)

Answer 44

bulimic society

Question 45

currie(1999)

Answer 45

noticed increase in the importance of beauty in women

Question 46

evidence - nature/nurture

Answer 46

Isabel chicken girl - left in chicken coop - could not speak, not toilet trained, was physically malformed

Question 47

twin studies

Answer 47

bouchard researched twins that had been separated at birth

Question 48

hidden curriculum

Answer 48

-having work ethic - punctuality

Question 49

bowles and gintis

Answer 49

argues there was a hidden curriculum in schools. - accept their place in society - believe that they are responsible for there own achievements and failures

Question 50

Waddington

Answer 50

canteen culture - norms and values police officers came to hold when they were off duty

Question 51

reiner(2000)

Answer 51

studied police canteen culture