paper 1

Question 1

What type of cells are eukaryotic

Answer 1

Plant and animal

Question 2

What does the nucleus contain

Answer 2

Genetic material of cells (DNA)

Question 3

What is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 3

A cell that contains genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Question 4

Do eukaryotic cells have a cell wall

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What type of cell is a prokaryote

Answer 5

Bacteria cell

Question 6

What is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

It is a cell where the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in the nucleus

Question 7

Which cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) is smaller and by how much

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 8

Where is the genetic material contained in prokaryotic cells

Answer 8

They have a loop of dna and small rings of dna called plasmids

Question 9

What do prokaryotes have along the outside of the cell that a eukaryotic cell does not have

Answer 9

A cell wall

Question 10

How many millimetres in 1 metre

Answer 10

1000

Question 11

How many micrometers are in 1 meter

Answer 11

1 000 000

Question 12

What is the size of a typical human cell

Answer 12

10-20 micrometers

Question 13

How many nanometres are in a meter

Answer 13

1 000 000 000

Question 14

What if the diameter of a haemoglobin molecule

Answer 14

5 manometers

Question 15

What does 1 order of magnitude mean

Answer 15

10x bigger or smaller

Question 16

How to calculate the order of magnitude

Answer 16

Count the number of zeros

Question 17

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 17

their function is to enclose genetic material

Question 18

What is the cytoplasm

Answer 18

Watery solution where chemical reactions take place (e.g first stage of respiration)

Question 19

What is the role of the cell membrane

Answer 19

The cell membrane controls the molecules that can enter and leave the cell

Question 20

What is the role of Mitochondria

Answer 20

Where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 21

What is the role of ribosomes

Answer 21

They are the site of protein synthesis

Question 22

What is the type of microscopes that have to be used in order for mitochondria and ribosomes to be seen

Answer 22

Electron microscopes

Question 23

What are contained within animal cells

Answer 23

Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

Question 24

What are contained within plant cells

Answer 24

Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole

Question 25

What is the role of chloroplasts and what do they contain

Answer 25

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis

Question 26

What is the cell wall made from and what is it’s purpose

Answer 26

The cell wall is made of cellulose and it strengthens the cell

Question 27

What is the permanent vacuole

Answer 27

It is filled with a fluid called cell sap And the vacuole helps give the plant its shape

Question 28

What are the 3 types of animal cell specialisation

Answer 28

Sperm cells Nerve cells Muscle cells

Question 29

What does it mean when a cell is specialised

Answer 29

This means that they have adaptations which help them carry out their particular function

Question 30

What is it called when cells become specialised

Answer 30

Differentiation

Question 31

What is the job of a sperm cell

Answer 31

It is to join with an ovum(egg cells)

Question 32

What is the process of joining an egg cell with a sperm cell called

Answer 32

Fertilisation

Question 33

What happens during fertilisation

Answer 33

Genetic information of the ovum and the sperm combine

Question 34

How are sperm cells specialised

Answer 34

Long tail which allows to swim to ovum and ate streamlined to make this easier They are also packed with mitochondria which provides the energy they need for swimming They also contain enzymes allowing them to digest their way though the outer layer of the ovum

Question 35

What is the job of a nerve cell

Answer 35

Send electrical impulses around the body

Question 36

What does the axon in a nerve cell do

Answer 36

Carries electrical signal from one part of the body to another

Question 37

What does myelin do within a nerve cell

Answer 37

Myelin insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of the nerve impulses

Question 38

What do dendrites do in a nerve cell

Answer 38

Increase surface area so that other never cells can connect more easily

Question 39

What is at the end of the axon in a nerve cell

Answer 39

Synapses

Question 40

What are synapses

Answer 40

Junctions which allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another

Question 41

What can muscle cells do

Answer 41

Contract (get shorter )

Question 42

What do muscle cells contain and what can they do

Answer 42

Contain protein fibres which can change their length

Question 43

What happens when a muscle cell contracts

Answer 43

Protein fibres shorten decreasing length of cell

Question 44

What are muscle cells packed full of and why

Answer 44

Mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction

Question 45

What do muscle cells work together to form

Answer 45

Muscle tissue

Question 46

What are the 3 types of plant cell specialisation

Answer 46

Root hair cell Xylem cell Phloem cell

Question 47

What do the root hair on a root hair cell do

Answer 47

Increase surface area of the root so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively

Question 48

What do root hair cells not contain and why

Answer 48

Chloroplasts because they are underground

Question 49

Where are xylem found

Answer 49

Plant stem

Question 50

What do xylem cells form

Answer 50

Long tubes

Question 51

What do the long tubes in xylem do

Answer 51

Carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 52

What do xylem cells have and what do they contain

Answer 52

They have very thick walls containing lignin that provides and supports the plant

Question 53

What happens to the xylem cells as a result of the cell walls being filled with lignin

Answer 53

They die

Question 54

Why do xylem cells have no internal structures

Answer 54

Makes it easier for the water and minerals to flow

Question 55

What do phloem tubes carry

Answer 55

Dissolved sugars up and down the plant

Question 56

What are the 2 types of cells contained in the phloem

Answer 56

Phloem vessel cell Sieve plates

Question 57

What are found in the nucleus and what are they made of

Answer 57

Chromosomes which are made of DNA

Question 58

How are chromosomes contained

Answer 58

They are pairs

Question 59

Do gametes have paired or umpaired chromosomes

Answer 59

Unpaired

Question 60

What do chromosomes carry and what do these things determine

Answer 60

Chromosomes carry genes which determine many of our features

Question 61

What just cells be able to do and what is this called

Answer 61

Cells must be able to divide and this is called the cell cycle

Question 62

What are the 2 ways cells can divide

Answer 62

Meiosis or mitosis

Question 63

What is the 1st stage or the cell cycle

Answer 63

DNA replicated to form 2 copies of each chromosome Cell grows and copies internal structures

Question 64

What happens in the 2nd stage of the cell cycle

Answer 64

Mitosis takes place On set of chromosomes pulled to each end of cell and nucleus also divides

Question 65

What happened in the 3rd and final stage of the cell cycle

Answer 65

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 identical cells

Question 66

Functions of mitosis

Answer 66

Essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms Takes place when an organism repairs itself Happens during asexual reproduction