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Citizenship > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is identity?

A

Our sense of who we are.

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2
Q

What is the UK?

A

A single nation state consisting of 4 constituent nations.

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3
Q

What is immigration?

A

Moving to and settling in another country.

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4
Q

What is emigration?

A

Leaving a country with the intention of settling elsewhere

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5
Q

3 Causes of immigration?

A

Higher standards of living
Improved human rights
More jobs available

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6
Q

3 Causes of emigration?

A

Civil war
lack of jobs
lack of healthcare

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7
Q

What caused immigration to the UK in the 1950s and 60s?

A

The Windrush Generation

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8
Q

What caused immigration to the UK in the 1970s and 80s?

A

South Asians to Bradford and London

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9
Q

What caused immigration to the UK in the 90s and 2000s?

A

End of the Cold War and increased wages in the UK

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10
Q

What are 3 features of the changing nature of the UK population?

A

Increased diversity
Increasingly ageing population
Increasingly urban population

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11
Q

What are the 5 key values of the UK?

A

Democracy
Tolerance
Diversity
Rule of Law
Constitutional Monarchy

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12
Q

What are examples of human rights?

A

Right to life
Right to freedom from torture
Right to freedom of religion

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13
Q

What are examples of political rights?

A

Right to vote
Right to free speech
Right to a secret ballot

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14
Q

What are examples of moral rights?

A

Right to education
Right to freedom of expression
Rights to be credited

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15
Q

What are examples of legal rights?

A

Right to a fair trial
Equal under Law
Innocent until proven guilty

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16
Q

What are the 3 international treaties?

A

UN Declaration on Human Rights (1948)

European Convention on Human Rights

UNCR

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17
Q

What are 3 features of local govt?

A

Deal with local issues

Funded by council tax and national govt

Elected in local elections

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18
Q

What are 3 features of a devolved govt?

A

To have power over most issues in a constituent nation of the UK

Elected by a constituent nation of the UK

Can’t dictate foreign affairs

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19
Q

Define voter turnout

A

The number of people who do vote in a constituency COMPARED to those who CAN.

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20
Q

What are three factors affecting voter turnout?

A

Weather
Voter Apathy
Whether they live in a safe seat

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21
Q

What are the two types of tax?

A

Direct and indirect

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22
Q

What is an example of indirect tax?

A

VAT

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23
Q

What are two examples of direct tax?

A

Fines
Income Tax

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24
Q

What are common right wing views?

A

Low tax
Limited Public Services
Low spending

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25
What are common left wing views?
High Tax High spending More public services
26
How many constituencies are there in the UK?
650
27
How many seats does a party need to win to form a single-party government?
326
28
What are the advantages of First Past The Post?
Strong single-party govt produced Easy to understand MPs have strong links to their constituents
29
What are the disadvantages of First Past The Post?
Smaller parties are under-represented Elections can be won by a party with less than 50% of votes - not a true representation Some votes don't count (safe seats)
30
What are the three parts of government?
The Executive The Legislature The Judiciary
31
What is the Executive part of Government? What does it do?
The Prime Minister and his Cabinet Takes Action
32
What is the Legislature part of Government? What does it do?
Parliament votes on / amends legislation
33
What is the Judiciary part of Government? What does it do?
The courts and Judges Interprets law and sets Legal Precedent
34
What is common law?
Laws created by a body of judges, when there's no existing legal precedent.
35
What are the members of the HOC?
The Speaker The Black Rod The Whips The Front benches
36
What does the speaker do in parliament?
Manages debates/votes held in parliament
37
What does the Black Rod do in parliament?
Responsible for security in parliament Acts as a link between the Lords and the monarch Invites MPs to hear the Monarch's speech
38
What do the whips do in Parliament?
Ensure MPs vote with their party.
39
What is representative democracy?
When the public elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf
40
What is direct democracy?
When the public vote directly on issues e.g. in a referendum
41
What's a dictatorship?
A state ruled by a group/ leaders who have little-to-no limitations.
42
What are 3 democratic values?
Equality The rule of law Legal rights
43
What is the role of the government?
To make policy decisions Proposing legislation in parliament Handling crises
44
What is the role of the Prime Minister?
To lead their political party Setting government direction Appointing cabinet ministers
45
What is the role of Parliament?
Vote on passing legislation Amending Legislation Hold government to account (PM's Questions)
46
What is the role of the Monarch?
Figurehead for the UK Weekly meeting with PM Experienced advisor for govt
47
What are the features of the UK's Constitution?
Uncodified Multiple sources: Precedent Legislation by Parliament Common law
48
What are the principles of law?
Equality before law Presumption of innocence Right to legal representation Right to a fair trial
49
What are examples of balancing rights to ensure justice/fairness?
Employers right to make money VS employee right to fair treatment Free speech VS national security
50
What are the roles of Police?
To ensure the safety of the public To investigate reported crimes To enforce Laws
51
52
What is criminal law?
Law that deals with issues between individual and state
53
What is civil law?
Deals with disputes between individuals and organisations
54
What are the different civil courts in the UK (in order)?
1. Supreme court 2. Court of Appeals 3. High Court of Justice 4. County courts
55
What are the different criminal courts in the UK (in order)?
1. Supreme Court 2. Court of Appeal 3. Crown Court 4. Magistrate
56
What are the features of the Scottish legal system?
15 people per jury, not 12 3 possible verdicts: Not guilty, not proven, guilty No right to trial by jury
57
What is the age of criminal responsibility in the uk?
10 years old
58
When was the magna carta made? What did it state?
1215 Right of churches to be free from govt Monarch is subject to law Right to fair trial
59
What did the Human rights act do?
Implement ECHR rights into UK law.
60
What did the Equality Act do?
Provide a legal basis for making discrimination a crime
61
What are Trade Unions?
Organisations that represent workers in a specific field.
62
What are 3 features of Trade Unions?
Campaign for higher wages Campaign for better workplace conditions Employees can't be stopped from joining
63
What are the factors effecting crime rates?
Levels of education Number of police in an area Levels of sentencing (higher sentences in an area deter crime)
64
What are 4 types of sentencing?
Prison sentences Community service Custodial sentences Fines
65
What is community service?
Unpaid hours of work, helping local community
66
What are custodial sentences?
An order to attend a police station regularly
67
What are the causes of sentencing?
Public Protection Rehabilitation / reformation Severity of crime committed Deterrence Legislation
68
5 Aims of punishment?
Deterrence Public Protection Reformation Reparation Retribution (revenge)
69
What are 3 features of the youth legal system?
Carer must be informed of arrests Minor offences are tried in Youth courts More lenient sentencing
70
What is the aim of the youth political system?
To prevent reoffending

Citizenship (2 decks)

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