Paper 1 2017 Flashcards
(3 cards)
EDUCATION
Outline two cultural factors that may affect ethnic differences in educational achievement. [4 marks]
2x POINT AND EXPLAIN
1. Language = for some pupils English may be a second language and so they may have difficulty in understanding class work
2. Parental attitudes to education = Indian and Chinese parents are more likely to be pro-school and encourage their children to be successful in education.
3. Pupil subcultures = black pupils are more likely to be subjected to anti-educational peer group pressure, leading to them rejecting school.
4. Ethnocentric curriculum = the school curriculum reflects the dominant culture and this benefits White British students.
other relevant material should be credited
EDUCATION
Outline three ways in which factors within schools may shape gender differences in subject choice. [6 marks]
3 x POINT AND EXPLAIN
1. Peer group pressure = ; leads to girls and boys choosing subjects which reflect stereotypical gender identities.
2. Career advice = for example, girls are more likely to choose childcare courses, because childcare jobs are seen as female.
3. Subject counselling = teachers may channel boys and girls into different subject choices in relation to their own gender stereotypes.
4. Learning resources may include gender stereotypes = for example, science may be represented as a mainly male activity.
5. Gender of teachers = for example, males may pick science as a subject because the teachers are more likely to be men.
other relevant material should be credited
EDUCATION
Read Item A below and answer the question that follows.
Item A:
Since the 1980s, a major aim of government policy has been to increase parental
choice in education. There is now a wider range of school types, and league tables
on school performance are also publicly available. Increased parental choice has had many effects on pupils’ experience of education.
Applying material from Item A, analyse two effects of increased parental choice on pupils’ experience of education.
[10 marks]
YOU DO GET MARKS FOR ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION IN THESE TEN MARKERS WITH THE ITEM
2 x PEEAEL
POINT: One effect of increased parental choice on pupils’ experience of education is due to the reform acts such as the 1988 Education Reform act.
EVIDENCE (THE ITEM): The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choices (parentocracy).
EXPLAIN/Analyse: This Act allowed parents to choose which schools are better for their child’s educational achievement. “League tables on school performance are also publicly available,” as stated in the item. This allows parents to see which schools are performing outsandingly, thus forcing schools to operate like “businesses” who aim to please their customers i.e. the parents, especially the middle class parents.
EVALUATE: However, Ball argues that schools become more selective and form an alliance with some parents, also known as cream-skimming. This is where M/C parents want M/C schools. Schools want M/C pupils as they achieve better exam results because they’re easier to teach. They are able to maintain the schools position in the league table and status in the education market. This results in a higher demand from parents next year.
LINK: However, increase parental choice does improve pupil’s experience in education as league tables are made publicly available for parents to see which school will improve their child’s educational achievement.
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