Paper 1 2024 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the equation linking R, GPP and NPP
NPP = GPP - R
nitrates are needed for amino acid synthesis (1)
• magnesium (ions) are needed to make chlorophyll (1)
• calcium (ions) are needed for {calcium pectate / middle
lamella} (1)
• chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis and the
production of { organic molecules / biomass } (1)
• phosphates are needed for { membranes / phospholipids /
nucleic acids / ATP / NADP } (1)
• (CFTR) is in the phospholipid bilayer (1)
• it extends through both layers (of the bilayer) (1)
• suitable range of temperatures given (1)
• light intensity constant for duration of investigation (1)
• one other abiotic variable controlled (1)
• biotic variable controlled (1)
e.g. concentration or volume of
DCPIP, pH
e.g. plant species / mass of plant
material used / concentration or
volume of chloroplast extract
• measure time taken for DCPIP to { decolourise / change
colour } (at each temperature) (1)
• increase in temperature may lead to { earlier
germination / plants will grow further north } (1)
• change in rainfall patterns may lead to { an increase in
drought resistant plants /a change in the distribution
of plants } (1)
• { reduces / prevents } enzyme activity / inhibits
metabolic reactions (1)
• prevents germination (1)
• prevents { bacteria growth / fungal growth /
decomposition } (1)
detail of random sampling / random sampling in the two areas (1)
• suitably sized quadrat used to sample at least 10 times (in each area) (1)
• count the number of species in each quadrat (1)
• count the number of individuals of each species in each quadrat (1)
• calculation of { diversity index / t-test } (1)
• increase in (core) body temperature (1)
• it is part of the non-specific immune response / increases
efficiency of immune response (1)
• the high temperature in a fever destroys the { pathogen /
virus } (1)
• glycoprotein binds to a complementary receptor on the
liver cell (1)
• the viral envelope (of the hepatitis C virus) fuses with the
liver cell membrane (1)
• (viral) RNA enters the cell (1)
• (activated) T (helper) cells release cytokines (1)
• B cells stimulated to produce B effector cells (1)
• (B effector) cells differentiate into plasma cells (1)
• antibodies are released (by plasma cells) (1)
