Paper 1 Flashcards
(57 cards)
How did the atomic structure develop over time?
In 1803 dalton discovered the solid atom model, in 1904 Thomson discovers the plum pudding model, in 1911 Rutherford discovered the solar system model, in 1913 Bohr discovered the electron cell model
What is an isotope
An isotope is an element with the same number protons but a different number of neutrons. Same atomic number but different mass number
How do you work out relative atomic mass
You multiply the mass number of each isotope by its percentage present and add them all together and divide by 100.
Who was Mendeleev
Dimitri Mendeleev was a scientist who created a basic periodic table in 1869 which developed into the current periodic table.
What was changed to Mendeleevs periodic table
In mendeleevs periodic table it was ordered by RAM however the modern periodic table is ordered by mass number
What is a group on the periodic table
Groups show how many outer shell electron a element has
What does a period on the periodic table show
Periods show how many electron shells each element has
What is an ion
An ion is an atom with a positive or negative charge
What is a cation
A cation is a positively charged ion. This is formed by a metal donating its outer shell of electrons to a non metal so both have a full outer shell of electrons
What is an anion
An anion is a negatively charged ion. It got donated the outer shell of a metal so that both have a full outer shell of electrons.
What are the properties of an ion.
Ions have strong electrostatic forces of attraction. Ions form a lattice structure which has a regular arrangement of ions. Ionic compounds often have high bp and mp
What is a covalent bond
A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons (between 2 or more non metals)
What is graphene.
Graphene is a giant molecular substance which resembles a single layer of graphite.
What are fullerenes
Fullerenes are a sheet of graphene filled to form hollow balls and tubes
What are typical properties of metals
Metals often are shiny, good electrical conductors, have high density and have high melting points
What are metallic bonds
Metallic bonds are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
What is the structure of a metal?
A metal consists of a giant lattice of positively charged metal ions. And it has a sea of delocalised electrons.
What is the empirical formula
This is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
What is the relative formula mass
The relative formula mass is used to calculate the RAM of all atoms shown in its formula
What is the law of conservation of mass
The law of conservation of ,ass stats that the total mass of reactants and products stays constant during a chemical reaction. The total mass before and after a reaction is the same
What is a closed system
A closed system is a situation in which no substances can enter or leave during a reaction
What is a non- enclosed reaction
A non-enclosed system is a situation in which substances can enter or leave during a reaction
What does it mean when a reactant is in excess
This means that there is enough to react with other reactants and for some to be left overhead when the reaction ends
What is a solution
A solution is a mixture of a solute (the substance that dissolves) and a solvent (the substance the solute dissolves in)
