Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for specific charge?

A

(Charge x 1.60x10^-19) / (Mass x 1.67x10^-27)

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2
Q

Define Specific charge of an atom?

A

The specific charge is defined as its charge divided by its mass.

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3
Q

What is the ground state?

A

The ground state is the lowest energy level in the atom.

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4
Q

How do you convert eV to joules?

How do you convert joules to eV?

A

eV to joules
x1.60x10^-19
Joules to eV

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5
Q

How many types of mesons are there and what are they?

A

There are 7 types of meson, they are K^0 (dS), K^+ (uS)
Pie^- (dU) Pie^0 (uU, dD, sS) Pie^+ (uD)
K^- (sU) K^0 with a line on the top (sD)

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6
Q

What is a superconductor?

A

A wire or device made of a material that has zero resistivity at and below a critical temperature that depends on the material.

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7
Q

Where are superconductors used?

A

They are used to make high-power electromagnets that generate very strong magnetic fields in devices such as MRI scanners and particle accelerators.

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8
Q

What are the formulas for working out the distance in projectiles?

A

For the x direction: Distance = Ut

For the y direction: Distance = 1/2gt^2

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9
Q

Define emf?

A

The electromotive force of a source is the loss of potential difference per unit current in the source when current passes through the source.

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10
Q

What is annihilation?

A

Annihilation occurs when a particle and a corresponding antiparticle meet and their mass is converted into radiation energy. Two photons are produced in the process (this ensure a total momentum of zero after the collision, one can’t do this)

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11
Q

What is a lepton and baryon number?

A

A baryon number is a number of baryons in an in a system of subatomic particles minus the number of antibaryons.
A lepton number is assigned to everyone lepton (+1) and antilepton (-1), on the basis that the total lepton number for each branch of the lepton family is always conserved.

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12
Q

Describe the photoelectric effect

A

The photoeletric effect, was the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light is directed at the surface.

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13
Q

What is the equation for beta plus and beta minus decay?

A

For beta plus:
- The atom decays through the W^+ Boson into a B^+ and a neutrino
For beta minus:
- The atom decays through the W^- Boson into a B^- and an antineutrino

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14
Q

Describe the photoelectric effect

A

The photoeletric effect, was the emission of electrons from a metal surface when alight is directed at the surface and the light has a frequency greater than the minimum value (threshold frequency)

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15
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

Ohm’s law states that the PD across a metallic conductor is proportional to the current through it, provided the physical conditions do not change.

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16
Q

What is a potential divider, and where is it used?

A

A potential divider consists of two or more resistors in series with each other and with a source of fixed potential difference. The potential difference of the source is divided between the components in the circuit, as they are in series with each other. By making a suitable choice of components, a potential divider can be used:

  • the supply a PD which is fixed at any value between zero and the source PD
  • to supply a variable PD
  • to supply a PD that varies with a physical condition such as temperature or pressure
17
Q

What is the definition of the principle of moments?

A

The sum of the clockwise moments equals the sum of the anticlockwise moments when in a closed system.

18
Q

Define stress and strain, and what are their units?

A

Stress is tension per unit cross-sectional area, has the unit Pa (pascal)
Strain is extension per unit length, has no unit because it is a ratio

19
Q

Describe a velocity-time and speed-time graph and what information can be found

A

Velocity-time graph:
- The area underneath is the displacement (distance from start point)
- The gradient represents the acceleration of the object
Speed-time graph
- The area underneath is the distance travelled
- The acceleration can be worked out using change in speed divided by time