paper 1= B1 B2 B3 B4

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell ???

Answer 1

To enclose the genetic material

Question 2

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm is a watery solution where chemical reactions take place

Question 3

What does the cell membrane control??

Answer 3

The molecules that can enter and leave the cell

Question 4

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 4

Mitochondria

Question 5

Ribosome definition:

Answer 5

The sites of protein synthesis

Question 6

Ribosomes can only be seen under an _______ microscope

Answer 6

Electron

Question 7

Plant cells have a ________ shape

Answer 7

Regular

Question 8

Animals can easily change their shape
True or False??

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the 4 features that exist in both animal and plant cells

Answer 9

Mitochondria, Nucleus, Cell membrane and Cytoplasm

Question 10

Which structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not:

Answer 10

Vacuole, Chloroplasts, and Cell Wall

Question 11

Definition of Chloroplasts:

Answer 11

Contain chlorophyll and are the sites of of photosynthesis

Question 12

What is the cell wall made from?

Answer 12

Cellulose

Question 13

The cell wall strengthens the cell
True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Definition of Vacuole

Answer 14

Structure which is filled with a fluid called cell sap and helps give the plant cell its shape

Question 15

What is the job of a sperm cell?

Answer 15

To join with an ovum (egg cell) in a process called fertilisation

Question 16

During fertilisation, the ________ ____________ of the sperm and egg cell combine

Answer 16

Genetic information

Question 17

Where do sperm cells contain their genetic information?

Answer 17

In the nucleus

Question 18

What is the long tail on a sperm cell called and how does it help?

Answer 18

Flagella allows the sperm cell to swim to the ovum

Question 19

What does the mitochondria provide for the sperm cell?

Answer 19

The energy needed for swimming

Question 20

Sperm cells contain enzymes
What do the enzymes allow the sperm cell to do?

Answer 20

To digest their way through the outer layer of the egg cell

Question 21

What is the job of a nerve cell?

Answer 21

To send electrical impulses around the body

Question 22

What is the purpose of the axon in a nerve cell?

Answer 22

To carry the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.

Question 23

The Axon in a nerve cell is covered in Myelin
What does this do to the transmission of nerve impulses?

Answer 23

Speeds up the transmission

Question 24

Where are synapses in a nerve cell?

Answer 24

At the end of the Axon

Question 25

What is the function of synapses in a nerve cell?

Answer 25

Which allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another (junctions)

Question 26

What do the dendrites do in a nerve cell?

Answer 26

Increase the surface area so that other nerve cells can connect more easily.

Question 27

Give 3 examples of specialised animal cells?

Answer 27

Muscle, Nerve and Sperm cells

Question 28

Muscle cells can contact meaning??

Answer 28

They can get shorter

Question 29

What do muscle cells contain which can change their length??

Answer 29

Protein Fibres

Question 30

Muscle cells are packed full of Mitochondria What does this provide muscle cells with?

Answer 30

Energy for muscle contraction

Question 31

Muscle cells work together to form Muscle tissue True Or False??

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Give the 3 specialised plant cells??

Answer 32

Root hair, Xylem and Phloem cells

Question 33

What do the hairs do in a root hair cell?

Answer 33

Increase the surface area of the root, so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively

Question 34

What do root hair cells not contain?

Answer 34

Chloroplasts because root hair cells are underground

Question 35

Xylem from long tubes which carry……

Answer 35

Water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 36

Xylem cells have very _____ walls which contain lignin

Answer 36

thick

Question 37

Because the cell walls are sealed with Lignin, this causes the xylem cells to die True or False?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Which structures do Xylem cells not have?

Answer 38

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Vacuole or Chloroplasts

Question 39

What do phloem tubes carry?

Answer 39

Dissolved sugars up and down the plant

Question 40

Name the two cells Phloem cells have:

Answer 40

Phloem vessel cells and the companion cells

Question 41

What does mitochondria in the companion cell provide for the phloem vessel cell?

Answer 41

Energy

Question 42

In the nucleus we find chromosomes What are these made of?

Answer 42

The molecule DNA

Question 43

What do chromosomes carry?

Answer 43

A large number of genes which determine many of our features

Question 44

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 44

The idea that cells have to be able to divide

Question 45

State the two ways cells can be divided:

Answer 45

Mitosis and Miosis

Question 46

Definition of diffusion

Answer 46

The spreading out of particles resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 47

Cells need _________________ which is carried out by Mitochondria

Answer 47

Oxygen for respiration

Question 48

Where is the blood transported into the bloodstream?

Answer 48

From the lungs

Question 49

The oxygen is used to generate energy in respiration and this produces the waste gas ________________

Answer 49

Carbon dioxide

Question 50

Urea definition

Answer 50

A waste product produced inside cells.

Question 51

Where does Urea leave the cell?

Answer 51

It diffuses out of the cells into the blood plasma and is excreted by the kidneys

Question 52

The ________ the concentration, the faster diffusion takes place

Answer 52

greater

Question 53

The _______ the temperature, the greater the rate of diffusion

Answer 53

Higher

Question 54

Why does an increase in heat, increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 54

The particles have more kinetic energy and are moving faster

Question 55

The _______ the surface area of the cell membrane , the greater the rate of diffusion

Answer 55

Greater

Question 56

Definition of osmosis:

Answer 56

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

Question 57

If the solution is concentrated is there a low or high concentration of water?

Answer 57

Low concentration

Question 58

Is the solution is dilute is the concentration of the water high or low?

Answer 58

High concentration

Question 59

Partially permeable membranes allow some molecules to pass through but not all molecules True or False?

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Is the cytoplasm of cells concentrated or dilute?

Answer 60

A Relatively concentrated solution

Question 61

Active transport definition

Answer 61

Moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

Question 62

In active transport, particles move ________ the concentration gradient

Answer 62

Against

Question 63

What does active transport require energy for?

Answer 63

Respiration

Question 64

Which microscope has a greater magnification and resolution than a light microscope

Answer 64

Electron microscope

Question 65

State the formula for magnification

Answer 65

Size of image ——————— Size of real object

Question 66

Describe the first stage of the cell cycle

Answer 66

The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.

Question 67

Describe the second stage of the cell cycle

Answer 67

One set of the chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell. The nucleus also divides

Question 68

Describe the final stage of the cell cycle

Answer 68

The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divided to form two identical cells

Question 69

Give 3 examples of the function of mitosis

Answer 69

1. Happens during asexual reproduction 2. When an organism repairs itself 3. Essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms

Question 70

Definition of a stem cell

Answer 70

An undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells.

Question 71

Leukaemia is a cancer of the ______ _________

Answer 71

Bone marrow

Question 72

How is Luekaemia treated?

Answer 72

The patients existing bone marrow is destroyed using radiation, a transplant of bone marrow is revived from a donor. The stem cells in the bone marrow now divide and form new bone marrow.

Question 73

Problems with bone marrow transplants :

Answer 73

1. Risk of virus being passed on 2. Donor has to be compatible with patient or else the donated bone marrow could attack the patients body.

Question 74

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 74

An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient

Question 75

Therapeutic cloning is useful for which medical conditions?

Answer 75

Paralysis and Diabetes

Question 76

As organisms get larger what happens to the Surface Area: Volume ratio?

Answer 76

Falls sharply

Question 77

metabolism definition

Answer 77

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 78

Where are excess proteins broken into?

Answer 78

The chemical Urea

Question 79

How does the body provide extra oxygen during exercise?

Answer 79

Breathing rate and breathing volume increases

Question 80

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 80

( light) Carbon dioxide + water ———-> glucose + oxygen (Chlorophyll)

Question 81

What does heart rate do to increase oxygen during exercise?

Answer 81

Increases to pump oxygenated blood around the body

Question 82

During anaerobic respiration, the _________ of glucose is incomplete

Answer 82

Oxidation

Question 83

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration ?

Answer 83

Glucose ———> Lactic acid (Energy)

Question 84

Oxygen debt definition

Answer 84

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid

Question 85

What is a Communicable disease?

Answer 85

An infectious disease

Question 86

What kind of reaction is respiration ?

Answer 86

Exothermic because it releases energy

Question 87

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

Answer 87

glucose + oxygen ————-> carbon dioxide + water (Energy)

Question 88

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast cells?

Answer 88

glucose ———-> ethanol + carbon dioxide ( energy)

Question 89

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast cells?

Answer 89

glucose ———-> ethanol + carbon dioxide ( energy)