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Biology > paper 1 - cell biology > Flashcards

paper 1 - cell biology Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell.

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2
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus.

A

False.

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3
Q

What structure regulates the passage of substances into and out of a cell?

A

The cell membrane.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called __________.

A

cytoplasm.

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5
Q

What organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?

A

Mitochondria.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells? A) Ribosomes B) Nucleus C) Cell membrane D) DNA

A

B) Nucleus.

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7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

To synthesize proteins.

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8
Q

What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?

A

Cell wall.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Golgi apparatus D) Ribosome

A

A) Nucleus.

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10
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.

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11
Q

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

A

False.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

cytoskeleton.

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13
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A

To protect the cell and control what enters and exits.

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxifying substances? A) Lysosome B) Peroxisome C) Ribosome D) Nucleus

A

B) Peroxisome.

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15
Q

What type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic cell.

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16
Q

True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

A

True.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are structures that contain genetic material in the form of DNA.

A

Chromosomes.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is responsible for photosynthesis? A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplasts C) Ribosomes D) Golgi apparatus

A

B) Chloroplasts.

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19
Q

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

A

To enclose the nucleus and protect its contents.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a structure that helps in the production of ribosomes.

A

nucleolus.

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21
Q

What is the primary role of vacuoles in plant cells?

A

To store nutrients and waste products.

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) Protein synthesis B) Lipid synthesis C) ATP production D) Photosynthesis

A

B) Lipid synthesis.

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23
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A prokaryotic cell is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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24
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A eukaryotic cell is a complex cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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25
True or False: Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
False
26
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells are typically __________ in size compared to eukaryotic cells.
smaller
27
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells? (a) No nucleus, (b) Membrane-bound organelles, (c) Always unicellular
b) Membrane-bound organelles
28
What type of organisms are composed of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and Archaea.
29
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
True
30
What is the primary genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
Circular DNA.
31
What structure is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosome.
32
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have a __________, which contains their genetic material.
nucleus
33
Which organelle is involved in energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria.
34
What is the function of the cell membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
35
True or False: Prokaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis.
False
36
What process do prokaryotic cells primarily use to reproduce?
Binary fission.
37
What is the main component of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Peptidoglycan.
38
Which type of cells typically have a more complex cytoskeleton?
Eukaryotic cells.
39
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells often have __________, which can provide motility.
flagella
40
What are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells called?
Organelles.
41
True or False: All eukaryotic cells contain chloroplasts.
False
42
What is the primary difference between bacterial and archaea prokaryotic cells?
Their genetic and biochemical properties.
43
Which type of cell has a larger ribosome size, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic cells.
44
What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
To digest waste materials and cellular debris.
45
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the jelly-like substance found inside all cells.
cytoplasm
46
What type of genetic material do eukaryotic cells have?
Linear DNA organized into chromosomes.
47
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
True
48
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
To synthesize proteins and lipids.
49
What is cell specialization?
The process by which cells develop into distinct types with specific functions.
50
True or False: All cells in a multicellular organism have the same structure and function.
False
51
Fill in the blank: Cell specialization allows cells to perform _____ tasks more efficiently.
specific
52
What is the role of stem cells in cell specialization?
Stem cells can differentiate into various specialized cell types.
53
Which type of cell is specialized for contraction and movement?
Muscle cells
54
What do nerve cells specialize in?
Transmitting electrical signals throughout the body.
55
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a specialized cell? A) Skin cell B) Bacterial cell C) Virus D) Fungal cell
A) Skin cell
56
True or False: All specialized cells can revert back to stem cells.
False
57
Fill in the blank: The process of becoming a specialized cell is known as _____ .
differentiation
58
What is the importance of cell specialization in multicellular organisms?
It allows for division of labor and increased efficiency in biological processes.
59
Which type of specialized cell is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood?
Red blood cells
60
Multiple choice: Which of the following cells is NOT specialized? A) Neuron B) Epithelial cell C) Stem cell D) Red blood cell
C) Stem cell
61
What is a key feature of specialized cells?
They have unique structures that enable them to perform specific functions.
62
True or False: All specialized cells originate from the same type of stem cell.
True
63
Fill in the blank: Specialized cells in plants, such as _____, help in photosynthesis.
chloroplasts
64
What type of cell is specialized for absorption in the intestines?
Epithelial cells
65
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a type of connective tissue cell? A) Osteocyte B) Neuron C) Myocyte D) Erythrocyte
A) Osteocyte
66
What is the main function of white blood cells?
To defend the body against infections.
67
True or False: Specialized cells can only function in isolation.
False
68
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells become specialized is influenced by _____ factors.
environmental
69
What is the primary function of adipose cells?
Storing energy in the form of fat.
70
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of specialized cells? A) Uniformity B) Variety in function C) Lack of structure D) None of the above
B) Variety in function
71
What is the role of epithelial cells in the body?
To form protective barriers and facilitate absorption and secretion.
72
True or False: Differentiation of cells is a reversible process.
False
73
Fill in the blank: In plants, specialized cells like xylem and phloem are responsible for _____ and _____ transport.
water, nutrient

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