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Physics & Business P2 > Paper 1 Energy Changes & National & Global Resources > Flashcards

Paper 1 Energy Changes & National & Global Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What energy is associated with a MOVING object?

A

Use KINETIC ENERGY to calculated a moving object =

Ek = 0.5 x mass x (Speed)2
Ek = 0.5mv2

Energy measured in Joules
Mass - in kg
Speed - v - in metres per second m/s

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2
Q

What energy is associated with RAISING an object above GROUND LEVEL?

A

GPE (Gravitational potential energy) gained by RAISING an object above ground level =

Ep = mass x gravitational field strength x height
Ep = mgh
Energy measured in Joules

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3
Q

What is the ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY stored in a stretched or compressed spring?

A

ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY stored in a stretched or compressed spring

Ee= 0.5 x spring constant x (extension)2

Ee= 0.5ke2

K = constant (k) measures in newtons per metres N/m
e (extension) measured in m
Energy - measured in Joules

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4
Q

What is the SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY of a substance?

A

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY is the amount of ENERGY required to raise the TEMPERATURE of 1 KG of the substance by ONE DEGREE CELSIUS

Change in thermal energy (J) =

mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
(m) (c) degrees celsisus

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5
Q

REQUIRED PRACTICAL investigate the specific heat capacity of materials - steps

A
  1. Measure start temperature
  2. Switch electric heater for 5 mins
  3. Measure end temperature
  4. Measure the voltage & current to find the power
  5. Repeat for different liquids
  6. Calc the specific heat capacity
  7. Compare your results to another group
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6
Q

REQUIRED PRACTICAL investigate the specific heat capacity of materials

Variable

Dependent variable

Control Variable:

Hazards:

A

specific heat capacity of materials

Variable: type of liquid

Dependent variable: the temperature

Control Variable: the amount of liquid used & energy provided.

Hazards: Liquids could become v hot & boil & spit so wear safety goggles

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7
Q

Energy can be …

A

Energy can be TRANSFERRED & DISSIPATED (spread out to the surroundings)

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8
Q

An object projected upwards …..

A

An object projected upwards …
Kinetic energy (initial movement) to
GPE (from its increase in height)

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9
Q

Water boiling in a kettle

A

Water boiling in a kettle …

ELECTRICAL energy to THERMAL energy

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10
Q

A car breaking …

A

A car breaking ..

KINETIC energy (from movement of car) to
THERMAL energy (from friction in the brakes)
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11
Q

A car accelerating …

A

A car accelerating …

CHEMICAL energy (in the fuel) to 
KINETIC every (movement of the car)
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12
Q

An object hitting an obstacle …

A

An object hitting an obstacle ..

KINETIC energy (from the moving object) to
THERMAL energy & sound (when the object hits the obstacle)
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13
Q

Main uses for energy …

A

Main uses for energy …
. TRANSPORT
. ELECTRICITY
. HEATING

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14
Q

What is Biofuel?

A

Biofuel

  • large area of LAND are need to grow fuel crops (renewable)
  • Chemical Store
  • used for transport, heating, electricity generation
  • CARBON NEUTRAL so LOW IMPACT on environment
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15
Q

What is Nuclear fuel?

A

Nuclear fuel

. Non-renewable source
. produces racatioactive waste

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16
Q

Hydroelectricity

A

HYDOELECTRICITY

  • Re-newable but needs LARGE areas of land to be FLOODED to create dams - altering ECOSYSTEMS
  • energy store is gravitational potential sotre
17
Q

Sankey diagram shows

A

Sankey diagrams

Diagram where the WIDTH OF THE ARROW of each energy source is shown

18
Q

What is Geothermal energy? is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the earth. It is contained in the rocks and fluids beneath the earth’s crust …

A

Geothermal energy is a RENEWABLE energy source because heat is continuously produced inside the earth.
Adv - very little impact on environmental factors

19
Q

Energy sources starting a car

A

Energy sources starting a car
CHEMICAL energy - engaging the battery
KINETIC energy to move the car

20
Q

What sort of energy is needed to recharge a mobile phone?

A

CHEMICAL energy is needed to recharge the phones BATTERY

21
Q

Advantage of nuclear power stations?

A

Advantage of nuclear power stations - they do not release CARBON DIOXIDE

22
Q

Which energy resources produces the majority of electricity used globally?

A

The majority of electricity used globally comes from BURNING FOSSIL FUELS

23
Q

Which energy resource can be unreliable?

A

WIND can be an unreliable energy resource

24
Q

What is an advantage of a GAS POWER STATION

A

A gas power station can start producing electricity QUICKLY

Disadvantage - it uses FOSSIL FUELS & contributes towards GLOBAL WARMING

25
Q

What are NUCLEAR FUELS used for?

A

Nuclear fuels are used to ELECTRICITY GENERATION

26
Q

What do it mean if an energy resource is RENEWABLE?

A

A RENEWABLE energy resource is one that can be replenished/replaced in a short time. This means it will not run out.

27
Q

URANIUM is not a …

A

URANIUM is not a fossil fuel

28
Q

What happens whenever energy is TRANSFERRED between STORES?

A

What energy is transferred between stores some is DISSIPATED (lost)

29
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, gas)

  • Chemical store
  • Non renewable
  • use transport, heating, electricity
  • releases CO2 - global warming
30
Q

Nuclear Fuels

A

Nuclear Fuels

  • Nuclear Store
  • Non renewable
  • used to Generate Electricity
  • Very high output of power
  • Disadvantage - produces radioactive waste - needs to be disposed of safely
31
Q

Wind power

A

WIND POWER

  • Kinetic energy store
  • renewable
  • generate electricity
  • Disadvantages - takes up large areas of farm land & windmills spoil view
32
Q

TIDES as a source of energy

A

Tides as an energy source

  • Kinetic energy source
  • renewable
  • electricity generation
  • the tidal barriers can block sewage that needs to go out to sea
33
Q

What does DISSIPATED mean?

A

When energy is transferred in a system some of it is wasted or DISSIPATED

Physics & Business P2 (13 decks)

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