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Physics Paper 1 Key Points > Paper 1 Key Points > Flashcards

Paper 1 Key Points Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to wasted energy?

A

It dissipates into the surroundings

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2
Q

Name 4 types of renewable energy sources

A
  • Solar
  • Wave
  • Tidal
  • Geothermal
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3
Q

How does a wind farm work?

A
  • Lots of wind turbines are placed in exposed areas
  • Each turbine has a generator in it
  • The wind rotates the blades which turns the generator producing electricity
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4
Q

How does solar power work?

A
  • Solar cells generate electric currents directly from sunlight
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5
Q

How does a geothermal power station work?

A
  • The heat is harnessed and heats water to produce steam

- The thermal energy of this energy is converted to electricity

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6
Q

How does hydroelectric power work?

A
  • Water is stored behind a dam

- The water is released and falls, causing a turbine to spin which generates electricity

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7
Q

What device shows us if a house is losing heat?

A

Infra-red cameras

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8
Q

What 4 ways can we prevent heat loss in a house?

A
  • Double glazing
  • Carpets
  • Loft insulation
  • Cavity Wall Insulation
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9
Q

Why does resistance increase with temperature?

A
  • The particles are moving around a lot

- Electrons find it hard to flow

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10
Q

What is the formula for S.H.C?

A

Energy = Mass x S.H.C x change in temp

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11
Q

Describe the process of nuclear fission

A
  • A neutron is fired into a Uranium 235 turning is into the violently reactive Uranium 236
  • The Uranium 236 splits into smaller elements and more neutrons
  • These neutrons complete the same process into other Uranium atoms
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12
Q

What are the properties of Alpha radiation?

A

Not penetrative

Ionising

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13
Q

What are the properties of Beta radiation?

A

Medium penetration

Slightly ionising

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14
Q

What are the properties of Gamma radiation?

A

Very penetrative

Not ionising

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15
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

A
  • Particles vibrate around a fixed position
  • Cannot be compressed easily
  • Do not flow
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16
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

A
  • Assumes the shape of its container
  • Cannot be compressed
  • Flows easily
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17
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

A
  • Assumes the shape of its container
  • Can be compressed
  • Flows easily
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18
Q

What is the process of a solid turning into a gas?

A

Sublimation

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19
Q

What is the process of a solid turning into a liquid?

A

Melting

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20
Q

What is the process of a liquid turning into a solid?

A

Freezing

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21
Q

What is the process of a liquid turning into a gas?

A

Evaporation

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22
Q

What is the process of a gas turning into a liquid?

A

Condensation

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23
Q

By what 4 ways can energy be transferred?

A
  • Mechanically
  • Electrically
  • Heating
  • Radtiation
24
Q

How would you test for specific heat capacity?

A

1) Take a block of material with two holes (one for the heater and one for the thermometer)
2) Measure the mass of the block and then cover it in an insulating layer to stop energy being transferred to the environment
3) Measure initial temperature and then set the P.D. to 10V
4) Measure temp and current (which shouldn’t change) every 1 min for 10 mins
5) Calculate power using P=IV and then energy transferred using E=Pt
6) S.H.C = change in thermal energy ÷ (mass x change in temp)

25
Q

What is conduction?

A

The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles but colliding.

26
Q

How is a convection current created?

A

Warmer, less dense regions rise above cooler dense regions, and then cool. If the heat source is constant, a convection current is created.

27
Q

How can you reduce friction?

A

Lubrication decreases friction so less energy is lost

28
Q

How can you reduce heat loss through heating?

A

Insulation causes less heat to be lost so energy is maintained

29
Q

What relation does voltage and current have in an ohmic conductor?

A

They’re directly proportional

30
Q

Explain the results of plotting a current - voltage graph for a filament lamp

A

As current increases, so does the temperature of the filament. This means resistance increases so less current can flow per unit of P.D.

31
Q

Explain the results of plotting a curren - voltage graph for a diode

A

A diode only allows current to flow one way. It has a very high resistance in the reverse direction

32
Q

For an LDR, what happens in bright light?

A

resistance falls

33
Q

For a thermistor, what happens in hot conditions?

A

resistance falls

34
Q

How do you calculate total voltage in a series circuit?

A

V1+V2+V3…

35
Q

How do you calculate total current in a series circuit?

A

Total voltage ÷ Total resistance

36
Q

What is the relationship between all currents in a series circuit?

A

They are all equal

37
Q

How do you calculate the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

R1+R2…

38
Q

What is the relationship between the P.D. of all components in a parallel circuit?

A

V1=V2=V3…

39
Q

How do you calculate the total current in a parallel circuit?

A

I1+I2…

40
Q

What is the fact about resistors in parallel?

A

The total resistance is smaller than the resistance of the smaller of the two resistors

41
Q

How can you investigate resistance in a series circuit?

A

1) Build a series circuit with 1 resistor an ammeter and a battery
2) Note the P.D.
3) Measure the current on the ammeter and then calculate resistance
4) Add another resistor and repeat
5) Complete for up to 5 resistors and then plot a graph with resistance on the y axix and number of resistors on the x

42
Q

How can you investigate resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

1) Build the same circuit as for series
2) Add the resistors in parallel instead
3) Plot the graph with the same axes

43
Q

What colour is the neutral wire and what does it do? What is it’s P.D.?

A

Blue
It completes the circuit
0V

44
Q

What colour is the live wire and what does it do? What is it’s P.D.?

A

Brown
Provides alternating potential difference
230V

45
Q

What colour is the earth wire and what does it do? What is it’s P.D.?

A

Green and Yellow
Stops casing becoming live
0V

46
Q

Why is a connection between live and earth wires dangerous?

A

Creates a low resistance path to earth, a huge current will flow resulting in a fire

47
Q

How are sparks made?

A

When the P.D. between the earth and objects increases, electrons can jump across the gap.

48
Q

How can you find the density of an irregular shaped object?

A

Submerge it in a eureka tank

49
Q

Why does temperature not change at changes of state?

A

The energy is being used to break/form new bonds rather than raise the temperature

50
Q

What is the formula for specific latent heat?

A

Energy = mass x specific latent heat

51
Q

How does a fuse work?

A

If current gets too high, wire in fuse will get too hot which will cause wire to break. This stops the flow of current.

52
Q

What is the frequency of mains electricity?

A

50Hz

53
Q

Describe the energy of a ball as it falls through the air

A

The energy from gravitational potential store decreases. The energy in the kinetic energy store increases.

54
Q

What is the units of radiation?

A

Bq

55
Q

Give 3 sources of background radiation

A 
Radon gas
Space
Medical treatment
Flying
Nuclear weapons
56
Q

How do we measure radiation?

A

Geiger-muller tube

57
Q

What is the national grid?

A

A system of cables and transformers that supplies electricity to our houses

Physics Paper 1 Key Points (5 decks)

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