paper 1 - last min Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
Keir Starmer policy
A
- Great British Energy
- economic stability
- cut NHS wait lists
2
Q
kemi bedenoch policy
A
- low tax
- increased defence spending
- deportations to rwanda
3
Q
ed davey policy
A
- more GPs
- increase public spending
- net zero by 2045
4
Q
SNP policy
A
- Swinney
- Push for Scottish
independence referendum - increase public spending
- rejoin EU
5
Q
tory party funding example
A
- Frank Hester
- largest ever donor to the Conservative Party having given £10 million in the year up to March 2024
6
Q
rights based culture
A
- laws and policies increasingly shaped around individual rights
- since HRA 1998, there has been a shift in culture towards protecting rights in courts rather than relying on parliamentary sovereignty
7
Q
Rights are well protected
A
- HRA allows courts to enforce ECHR
- rights are entrenched in law - Equality Act
- growth in judicial activism- Miller and Belmarsh
- pressure groups ( amnesty, liberty)
8
Q
examples of rights being well protected
A
- Miller vs secretary of state (2017): parliament must vote before triggering article 50
- Belmarsh case (2004): indefinite detention of foreign terror suspects ruled unlawful
- amnesty and liberty
9
Q
Rights aren’t well protected
A
- parliament is sovereign and can repeal/ignore acts- attempt to repeal ECHR by conservatives
- rise of gov powers- anti terror, investigatory powers act
- courts can only declare incompatibility, not overturn
10
Q
examples of rights not being well protected
A
- investigatory powers act 2016
- Rwanda deportation
- Public order act (2023)- gives police greater power to restrict protests
11
Q
individual rights
A
rights held by the people- right to privacy
12
Q
Collective rights
A
protect wider community groups- rights of minority groups, national security
13
Q
tensions between individual and collective rights
A
- freedom of expression vs protection from hate speech
- freedom of assembly vs public order
- religious freedom vs equality laws
14
Q
example of freedom of expression vs protection from hate speech
A
far right speakers ban from unis
15
Q
example of freedom of assembly vs public order
A
- extinction rebellion
- just stop oil
16
Q
example of religious freedom vs equality laws
A
- ashers case
- Christian bakers refuses to make pro gay marriage cake
17
Q
proposed reforms and debates to uk rights
A
- Conservative Party proposals to replace the HRA with a British Bill of Rights (paused as of 2023–24)
- judicial overreach – some argue unelected judges undermine democracy
18
Q
main division in the conservative party
A
one nation vs new right
19
Q
one nation (party divisions)
A
- paternalistic
- support welfare state, public services and mixed economy
20
Q
new right (party divisions)
A
- free market, small state, low tax
- strong law and order
- socially conservative
20
Q
Key figures of one nation (divisions in parties)
A
- camerom
- johnson
- sunak
20
Q
one nation policies
A
- same sex marriage- cameron
- hug a hoodie- cameron
- high public spending- johnson
- furlough- sunk under Johnson
21
Q
new right key figures (party divisions)
A
- thatcher
- truss
- braverman
22
Q
new right policies (party divisions)
A
- tax cuts- truss and thatcher
- anti immigration- braverman
- strong law and order- thatcher
23
examples of conservative party divisions
- brexit: one nation=remain, new right=leave
- tax cuts- truss vs rishi 2022 leadership contest
- rwanda: one nation=band, new right=good
24
old labour (party divisions)
- nationalisation
- trade unions
- public ownership
- income redistribution
25
old labour key figures (party divisions)
- corbyn
26
old labour policies (party divisions)
- nationalisation of rail and energy- corbyn
- free uni
- anti austerity
27
new labour (party divisions)
- free market + social justice
- education
- minimum wage
- NHS reform
28
new labour key figures (party divisions)
- blaire, brown, starmer
29
new labour policies (party divisions)
- tuition fees- blair
- minimum wage- blair
30
examples of divisions in the labour party
- starmer purging corbynites from labour front bench
- party suspension of corbyn 2020- antisemetism
- disagreements over public ownership and public sector involvement
31
classical liberals (party divisions)
- free market
- limited gov intervention
- eurosceptics or neutral
32
classical liberals key figure (party divisions)
Nick Clegg
32
classical liberal policies (party divisions)
- support austerity
- removal of tuition fees(controversial)
33
modern liberals (party divisions)
- euquality
- welfare
- civil liberties
34
modern liberals key figures (party divisions)
- ed davey
35
modern liberal policies (party divisions)
- pro EU
- NHS investment
- electoral reform
36
examples of divisions within the lib dems
- disagreement over austerity during the coalition
- tuition fees
- rejoining EU stance post Brexit
37
green party policy
- big NHS investment
- net 0 by 2040
- scrap uni tuition fees
38
Marx and Engles
- revolutionary socialists
- abolish state
- workers control means of production
- prolareteriat revolution inevitable
- redistribution of income
- equality of outcome
- humans are naturally sociable and shaped by their environment
39
Webb
- believed socialism could be achieved through democratic change
- state should gradually expand to implement socialist values
- state run common ownership of economy
- democratic socialist
40
crossland
- social democratic
- equality fosters cooperation
- state should provide welfare to reduce inequality
- Keynesianism to keep high employment and standard of living
41
Giddens
- social cohesion achieved through community and responsibility
- state should invest in services as to not create dependency on welfare
- focus on equality of opportunity
- free market can be beneficial if regulated
42
John Locke
- classical liberal
- humans are all free, equal and rational
- social contract theory
43
John Stuart Mill
- individual liberty and freedom of expression
- harm principle
- middle between classical and modern
- negative freedom
44
Mary Wallstonecraft
- if humans are all rational, men and women should be equal
- classical liberal - feminist perspective
45
Hobbes
- traditional
- humans are needy, vulnerable and prone to conflict without authority
- strong state needed to ensure order
- people give up some of their rights to the state in exchange for security
46
Burke
- traditional
- opposed radical change like the french revolution- change to conserve
- hierarchy and paternalism- social order must be preserved
47
Rand
- new right
- state should only protect rights
- saw welfare and collectivism as threats to freedom
