Paper 1 Pt.1

Question 1

What is the catchment area of Pickering Beck?

Answer 1

68 km^2

Question 2

What river is Pickering Beck a tributary of?

Answer 2

River Derwent

Question 3

What was the highest recorded water level of Pickering Beck and in what year?

Answer 3

2m in 2007

Question 4

What causes the small lag time and flashy hydrograph in Pickering Beck’s catchment?

Answer 4

Overgrazing by farm animals and steep catchment area

Question 5

What management strategies are used to slow runoff in Pickering Beck’s catchment?

Answer 5

Planting scrubs and other plants, and a plan to plant 50 hectares of riparian woodland

Question 6

What is the significance of the Amazon rainforest regarding carbon absorption?

Answer 6

It contains 300 billion trees, making it the world’s biggest carbon sink

Question 7

What are the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon?

Answer 7

Cattle ranching (80%) and high rates of deforestation (20,000 km^2/year from 2000-2007)

Question 8

What percentage of Brazil’s emissions comes from deforestation?

Answer 8

Most emissions

Question 9

What happens to most rainfall in the Amazon River basin?

Answer 9

It is intercepted and reevaporated back into the atmosphere

Question 10

What impact does human activity have on the water cycle in the Amazon rainforest?

Answer 10

Fewer salts and organic fibers emitted, affecting cloud formation and reducing rainfall

Question 11

What could future deforestation in the Amazon cause regarding rainfall?

Answer 11

A potential 20% decrease in rainfall

Question 12

How does deforestation affect river discharge in the Amazon?

Answer 12

Overall reduction in river discharge and faster rates of runoff

Question 13

What is the impact of forests on solar radiation and temperature compared to pasture land?

Answer 13

Forests absorb more solar radiation and have higher temperatures

Question 14

What is the consequence of ‘slash and burn’ deforestation in terms of carbon?

Answer 14

Rain washes ash into the ground, increasing carbon in soil and rivers

Question 15

What temperature rise could lead to the death of 20-40% of the Amazon within 100 years?

Answer 15

A 2°C rise

Question 16

By what percentage did the rate of deforestation slow from 2000 to 2012?

Answer 16

75%

Question 17

What campaign was proposed in 2008 to combat deforestation in the Amazon?

Answer 17

Zero deforestation campaign leading to the Amazon Fund

Question 18

When did Hurricane Sandy make landfall in the USA?

Answer 18

29th October 2012

Question 19

What was one of the primary effects of Hurricane Sandy?

Answer 19

Flooding

Question 20

How many people were killed in the USA due to Hurricane Sandy?

Answer 20

111 people

Question 21

What was the estimated damage cost of Hurricane Sandy?

Answer 21

$60 billion

Question 22

What was one of the secondary effects of Hurricane Sandy?

Answer 22

Closure of New York businesses leading to $18 billion in losses

Question 23

What immediate response did the Red Cross provide after Hurricane Sandy?

Answer 23

Sheltered 11,000 people and deployed 17 million meals

Question 24

What long-term planning was initiated after Hurricane Sandy?

Answer 24

A law allowing $50 billion of federal money for repairs

Question 25

What category storm was Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 25

Category 5 super typhoon

Question 26

How many people were killed by Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 26

6500 killed

Question 27

What was a primary effect of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 27

Widespread flooding with 400 mm of rain

Question 28

What short-term response involved the US aircraft carrier after Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 28

Conducted a search and rescue mission and delivered aid

Question 29

What program was set up as a long-term response to Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 29

Cash for work programs

Question 30

What geographical location does the Philippines occupy?

Answer 30

A group of 7000 islands in the South China Sea

Question 31

What is the population of the Philippines?

Answer 31

98 million people

Question 32

What types of hazards does the Philippines experience?

Answer 32

Geophysical and Hydro-meteorological hazards

Question 33

What was the magnitude of the 1999 Luzon island earthquake?

Answer 33

7.8

Question 34

How many deadly earthquakes occurred in the Philippines between 1900 and 2011?

Answer 34

22 deadly earthquakes

Question 35

What was the largest recent volcanic eruption in the Philippines?

Answer 35

1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo

Question 36

What was one of the outcomes of the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo?

Answer 36

Global atmospheric cooling

Question 37

What significant disaster management initiative was published in the Philippines in 2018?

Answer 37

A comprehensive hazard risk management handbook

Question 38

What is the main economic driver of Caracas, Venezuela?

Answer 38

Oil (50% GDP)

Question 39

What disaster occurred in Caracas in 1999?

Answer 39

Tropical storms led to mudflow/landslides killing 10,000 people

Question 40

What type of land is considered safest in Caracas?

Answer 40

Valley floor

Question 41

What method is preferred for hazard management in Caracas due to financial restrictions?

Answer 41

Risk zoning