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Paper 1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which features of phospholipids give them their amphipathic properties?

A

Hydrophilic phosphate groups and hydrophobic fatty acids

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2
Q

How do mitochondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

A

They have double membranes

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3
Q

Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

What feature of arteries is most important in maintaining sufficiently high blood pressure?

A

Elastic fibres in the wall.

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5
Q

A variety of Pelagornium has yellow leaves. When plants of this variety crossed, the resulting seeds produced green, yellow, and white seedlings in the ratio 1:2:1. If plants with yellow leaves are crossed with plants with green leaves, what would the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring be?

A

Green: 2 Yellow: 2 White: 0

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6
Q

What is the same in all parts of homologous chromosomes?

A

Sequence of genes.

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7
Q

What does the Rf value in thin layer chromatography represent?

A

The ratio of distances travelled by the pigment and solvent fronts.

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8
Q

What is the role of the protein, collagen?

A

Most common structural protein in mammals.

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9
Q

Which compound is a waste product of anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Lactate

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10
Q

Lactose can be removed from milk by passing the milk through a column of alginate beads to which the immobilised lactase is bound. What is an advantage of immobilising the enzyme?

A

It allows the product to be separated easily from the enzyme.

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11
Q

Testosterone is a hormone that is important for male reproductive development. To which group of compounds does testosterone belong?

A

Lipids

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12
Q

An organism has the following characteristics:
- Single opening for ingestion and egestion.
- Radial Symmetry
- Tentacles with stinging cells.

A

Cnidaria

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13
Q

Which genotype would be seen in a person suffering from Huntington’s disease?

A

Hh

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14
Q

What helps make the genome of each human unique?

A

Orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Crossing over during meiosis.
Fusion of gametes from two different parents.

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15
Q

What is PCR used for?

A

Amplify small amounts of DNA.

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16
Q

What is the same in all parts of homologous chromosomes?

A

Sequences of genes.

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17
Q

What is the benefit to living organisms that water has a high specific heat capacity?

A

Aquatic environments do not have a great fluctuation in their temperature.

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18
Q

What features of arteries is most important in maintaining sufficiently high blood pressures?

A

Elastic fibres in the wall.

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19
Q

What is a feature of phagocytic white blood cells?

A

Form part of non-specific immunity.

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20
Q

How do neonicotinoid pesticides cause paralysis and death in insects?

A
  • Acetylcholine receptors are blocked.
  • Cholinesterase fails to break down the pesticides.
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21
Q

A female is overweight. feels cold and tired and often fails to ovulate during the menstrual cycle. Which two hormones are probably secretes at insufficient levels?

A

LH and thyroxin.

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22
Q

When the left ventricle is relaxed, what is the state of the valves?

A

Atrioventricular valve: Open
Semilunar valve: Closed

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23
Q

Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis?

A

Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.

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24
Q

Which of the following are features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

-70s ribosomes: prokaryotes
-80s ribosomes: eukaryotes
-Naked DNA: prokaryote
DNA associated with proteins: eukaryote

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25
Q

What route is used to export proteins from the cell?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - Plasma membrane

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26
Q

Which organisms has DNA located in three organelles?

A

A fern

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27
Q

Which of the following will contribute to the cell theory?

A
  • Living organisms are composed of cells.
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells by mitosis.
  • Cells are the smallest units of life.
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28
Q

Which process is possible due to the fluidity of cell membranes?

A

Endocytosis

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29
Q

Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane?

A

Golgi apparatus

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30
Q

Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane?

A

Lysosome

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31
Q

Which sequence shows increasing relative size?

A

Membrane thickness - Virus - Bacterium

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32
Q

In which parts of the digestive system are most water and glucose absorbed?

A

Water: Large intestine
Glucose: Small intestine

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33
Q

Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when prokaryotes engulfed small free-living prokaryotes?

A

Chloroplast

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34
Q

What is the principal mode of division for the prokaryote Escherichia coli?

A

Binary Fission

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35
Q

Which features of the alveoli adapt them to gaseous exchange?

A
  • Single layer of cells.
  • Film of moisture.
  • Dense network of capillaries.
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36
Q

Where do motor neurons conduct impulses from and to?

A

From the central nervous system to effectors.

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37
Q

Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to cell theory?

A

They contain more than one nucleus.

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38
Q

Where can 70s ribosomes be found?

A

In prokaryotic cells.

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39
Q

Which is the correct statement concerning HIV and AIDS?

A

All AIDS patients have HIV.

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40
Q

Which of the following is correct for lipase?

A

Substrate: Triglycerides
Source: Pancreas
pH - 7

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41
Q

What is the body’s response to low blood glucose levels?

A

Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon.

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42
Q

What causes the atrioventricular valve to close during a heartbeat?

A

Pressure in the atria is lower than the ventricles.

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43
Q

What happens to the external and internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm when inhaling?

A

External intercostal muscles: Contract
Internal intercoastal muscles: Relax
Diaphragm: Contracts

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44
Q

Why is sweat a good coolant for the body?

A

Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat.

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45
Q

Which gas produces most of the bubbles in bread dough?

A

Carbon dioxide

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46
Q

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells: Cell structure not compartmentalized.
Eukaryotic cells: Cell structure compartmentalized.

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47
Q

What event occurs only in meiosis?

A

Random separation of homologous chromosomes.

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48
Q

How can molluscs and Platyhelminthes be distinguished?

A

Molluscs have a mouth and an anus but platyhelminthes do not.

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49
Q

Which process promotes variation in a population?

A

Mutation

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50
Q

Which discovery was an indication that the heart pumps blood to the body through arteries?

A

The heart swelled up when the arteries were not tied in an animal experiment.

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51
Q

Which is a valid comparison between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries carries blood flows at high pressure.
Veins carries blood flows at low pressure.

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52
Q

Which statement is true for the antibiotic penicillin?

A

Viruses lack metabolism and penicillin has no effect on them.

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53
Q

How can knowledge about the pineal gland functions be applied?

A

To restore sleep time by the use of melatonin.

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54
Q

How does potassium move across the membrane of a neuron during repolarization?

A

B. Facilitated Diffusion

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55
Q

What feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis of life?

A

B. Its bonding properties

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56
Q

Researchers have developed a skin patch which detect and measure very small concentrations of ions, sugars, amino acids, proteins and hormones which remain when sweat evaporates when sweat evaporates. What allows the presence of these substances in sweat?

A

C. Solvent properties.

57
Q

Which type of fatty acid in the diet is/are positively correlated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease?
I. Saturated
II. Trans unsaturated
III. Cis unsaturated

A

B. I and II

58
Q

Which protein has the highest tensile strength (ability to resist breaking when stretched)?
A. Cellulose
B. Actin
C. Spider silk
D. Albumin

A

C. Spider silk - (Secondary protein. Beta and helix alpha sheets

59
Q

What is the advantage of using lactase in an immobilized state in the food manufacturing industry?

A

D. It is less likely likely to become denatured

60
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. What parts of nucleotides are joined together in both
DNA and RNA to make these polymers?

A. Large nitrogenous bases with small nitrogenous bases
B. Nitrogenous bases with hexose sugars
C. Nitrogenous bases with phosphates
D. Pentose sugars with phosphates

A

D. Pentose sugars with phosphates

61
Q

What do DNA replication, transcription and translation have in common?

A. Take place in cell nucleus
B. Require free nucleotides
C. Catalysed by polymerase
D. Complementary base pairing

A

D. Complementary base pairing

62
Q

Which genotype would be normally found in a genome
A. Rr
B. RS
C. rStt
D. TUt

A

B. RS
Two copies have to be haploid

63
Q

Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?

A
  • Nucleoid, plasmids
64
Q

What is the same in all parts of homologous chromosomes

A

Sequence of genes

65
Q

What helps make the genome of each human unique?

A

Orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. (Synapsis)

Crossing over

66
Q

Which genotype would be seen in a person suffering from Huntington’s disease?
A. Hh
B. hh

A

A. Hh

67
Q

Animals in the highest trophic level of a food chain will often be the largest in body size but will be
few in numbers. What accounts for the small numbers?

A. Food eaten by animals at the highest trophic level has a lower energy content per gram
B. Energy losses through the food chain
C. Conversion of heat energy into chemical energy
D. Biomass of producers is small

A

B. Energy losses through the food chain

68
Q

In addition to carbon dioxide, which of these greenhouse gases is the most significant?

A. Methane
B. Ozone
C. Nitrogen oxides
D. Water vapour

A

D. Water vapour

69
Q

Balkan green lizards, Lacerta trilineata, living in mainland Greece eat mostly insects but also small
amounts of plants. The same species living on Greek islands (where insects are scarce) show a
greater percentage of those physical traits useful for eating plants than the mainland lizards.
What is the biological explanation for these observations?

A. Variation in each lizard population allowed adaptation to occur.
B. Lizards migrated to areas where they were better adapted.
C. Lizards on the islands diverged due to lack of interbreeding with the mainland population.
D. Homologous structures have prevented separate species from evolving.

A

B. Lizards migrated to areas where they were better adapted.

70
Q

What explains the presence in living humans of DNA sections which are identical to DNA found in
Neanderthals who lived 40000 years ago?

A. Genetic mutation
B. Inheritance
C. Adaptation
D. Speciation

A

B. Inheritance

71
Q

Which phylum shows radial symmetry?

A. Annelida
B. Cnidaria
C. Platyhelmintha
D. Porifera

A

B. Cnidaria

72
Q

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?

A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Vena cava
D. Pulmonary vein

A

B. Pulmonary artery

73
Q

A combination of antibiotics and bioengineered antibodies to bacterial antigens is now being used
in hospitals to treat bacterial infections. What makes this method more effective than just using
antibiotics alone?

A. Increases selective pressure on bacteria to evolve antibiotic resistance
B. Bacteria become noticeable to phagocytes
C. Antibodies can be cloned by the immune system
D. Blocks metabolic pathways in bacteria

A

B. Bacteria become noticeable to phagocytes

74
Q

How are the insides of alveoli prevented from sticking together?

A

Surfactant
Type II pneumocytes

75
Q

Neural pathways in living brains can now be mapped by tracking the movement of water molecules
inside axons. What keeps water molecules inside axons?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Pump proteins
D. Synapse

A

A. Plasma membrane

76
Q

What hormone controls the metabolic rate of body cells?

A. Insulin
B. Leptin
C. Melatonin
D. Thyroxin

A

D. Thyroxin

77
Q

A frog jumped 80 times and each time the length of the jump was recorded. The mean length of the jumps was 38 cm with a standard deviation of 10 cm. What can be deduced from this information?

A. The frog did not jump more than 48 cm.
B. The number of jumps more than 38 cm is the same as the number less than 38 cm.
C. Approximately 32% of the jumps were less than 28 cm.
D. Approximately 68% of the jumps were between 28 and 48 cm.

A

D. Approximately 68% of the jumps were between 28 and 48 cm.

78
Q

Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms?
A. Response, homeostasis, growth and photosynthesis
B. Metabolism, ventilation, reproduction and nutrition
C. Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth
D. Reproduction, ventilation, response and nutrition

A

C. Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth

79
Q

A botanist measures a leaf and finds it is 24 cm long and 8 cm wide. His drawing of the leaf is 4 cm wide. Which was the magnification and length of his drawing, assuming that the proportions of the drawings were correct?

A. Scale: x 2 Length: 48 cm
B. Scale x 2 Length: 12 cm
C. Scale x 0.5 Length: 48 cm
D. Scale x 0.5 Length: 12 cm

A

D. Scale x 0.5 Length: 12 cm

80
Q

What is a role of protein pumps in active transport?

A. To control whether specific substances enter the cell.
B. To move substances across a concentration gradient.
C. To produce ATP for energy.
D. To provide protein for facilitated diffusion.

A

B. To move substances across a concentration gradient.

81
Q

Which events occur during both mitosis and meiosis?
A. Production of haploid cells from diploid cells.
B. Crossing over.
C. Separation of the chromatids from each chromosome.
D. Production of genetically different cells.

A

C. Separation of the chromatids from each chromosome.

82
Q

What property of water makes it suitable as a coolant?
A. It takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature of water.
B. It takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate.
C. Water molecules are cohesive and stick to the skin.
D. Water is a good solvent so it can transport heat from the body.

A

B. It takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate.

83
Q

What is a difference between carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage?
A. Carbohydrates are used for long term storage and lipids for short term storage.
B. Carbohydrates contain more energy per 100g than lipids
C. Carbohydrates are more easily transported to where energy is required than lipids.
D. Carbohydrates store food only in plants whereas lipids store food in plants and animals.

A

C. Carbohydrates are more easily transported to where energy is required than lipids.

84
Q

Why does exposure to high temperatures causes an enzyme to lose its biological properties?
A. The substrate blocks the active site at high temperatures.
B. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed.
C. Chemical reactions cannot take place at high temperatures.
D. High temperatures increase the activation energy of reactions.

A

B. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed.

85
Q

What is the best definition of a clone?
A. Two organisms sharing the same parents
B. Groups of phenotypically identical organisms
C. Cells derived by mitosis from a single parent cell
D. Multiple gamete cells produced by an individual

A

C. Cells derived by mitosis from a single parent cell

86
Q

In a rock pool a student observes four different species of animal. She sees 43 flat periwinkles, 10 rough periwinkles, three shore crabs and one common goby.

How many populations and communities did she see in the pool?

A. Populations: 1 Communities: 4
B. Populations: 2 Communities: 3
C. Populations: 3 Communities: 2
D. Populations: 4 Communities: 4

A

D. Populations: 4 Communities: 4

87
Q

What is a principle of food webs?

A. All carnivores eat herbivores.
B. Plants are heterotrophs.
C. Primary consumers eat only plants.
D. Organisms can only occupy one trophic level.

A

C. Primary consumers eat only plants.

88
Q

The diagram shows a pyramid of energy for a forest ecosystem. What can be drawn from the pyramid?

A. The number of organisms drops by 90% in each trophic level.
B. Suitable units are Kg m2 yr 1
C. The biggest energy loss is between producers and primary consumers.
D. The energy is recycled.
D.

A

C. The biggest energy loss is between producers and primary consumers.

89
Q

What is the best definition of the greenhouse effect in the Earth’s atmosphere?

A. A natural occurring effect by which shorter wavelength radiation is trapped.
B. A naturally occurring effect by which longer wavelength is trapped.
C. An effect of pollution by which shorter wavelength radiation is trapped.
D. An effect of pollution by which longer wavelength is trapped.

A

B. A naturally occurring effect by which longer wavelength is trapped.

90
Q

The graph shows the growth of rabbits inhabiting a new area. What would be suitable labels for the axes X and Y?

A. X: Number of rabbits Y: Time
B. X: Time Y: Birth rate of rabbits
C. X: Birth rate of rabbits Y: Time
D. X: Time Y: Number of rabbits

A

D. X: Time Y: Number of rabbits

91
Q

What are homologous structures in animals?

A. Body parts in different animals produced by the same gene.
B. Structures that have a similar function but a different origin.
C. A modification of the same structure in different animals
D. Structures found as part of the fossil record.

A

C. A modification of the same structure in different animals

92
Q

Where would an enzyme that digests lipids be produced?
A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Large intestine

A

C. Pancreas

93
Q

In which region is most glucose absorbed through the villi?
A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Large intestine
D. Small intestine

A

D. Small intestine

94
Q

How do neurotransmitters cross a synapse to reach the postsynaptic membrane?
A. Carried in vesicles
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion

A

B. Diffusion

95
Q

Which describes the hormones in the pancreas in response to low levels of glucose in the blood?

A. Secretion of glucagon from alpha cells.
B. Secretion of glucagon from beta cells.
C. Secretion of insulin from alpha cells.
D. Secretion of insulin from beta cells.

A

A. Secretion of glucagon from alpha cells.

96
Q

What changes take place in the thorax during inhalation?

A. External Intercostal Muscles: Contract Pressure: Increases
B. External Intercostal Muscles: Contract Pressure: Decreases
C. External Intercostal Muscles: Relax Pressure: Increases
D. External Intercostal Muscles: Pressure: Decreases

A

B. External Intercostal Muscles: Contract Pressure: Decreases

97
Q

Which hormone shows the greatest fall in blood concentration just before menstruation?

A. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
B. LH (lutenizing hormoen)
C. Progesterone
D. Estrogen

A

C. Progesterone

98
Q

Which process are involved in the development of cancer?
I. Mutations occur in oncogenes
II. Oncogenes prevent cancer
III. Oncogenes affect cell cycle regulatory proteins.

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

A

B. I and III only

99
Q

Which statement correctly describes genome and proteome?

A. Only the genome but not the proteome can be analysed using gel electrophoresis.
B. The genome and the proteome are the same in all tissues in an organism.
C. In cells of different tissues, the genome is the same while the proteome varies.
D. Only mutations in the proteome but not in the genome cause any variability.

A

C. In cells of different tissues, the genome is the same while the proteome varies.

100
Q

Genetically modified maize, called Bt maize, is thought to be affecting the monarch butterfly in the USA. What is the reason for this?

A. The monarch butterfly feeds on maize nectar, which contains Bt toxin.
B. The monarch caterpillar feeds on maize leaves which contains Bt toxin.
C. Bt toxin kills the plants that the monarch caterpillar usually eats.
D. Bt toxin is in maize pollen, which blows on to plants that the monarch caterpillar eats.

A

D. Bt toxin is in maize pollen, which blows on to plants that the monarch caterpillar eats.

101
Q

In an ecosystem, in the transfer of carbon from producers to consumers, what is carbon transferred as?
I. Carbon dioxide
II. Protein
III. Hydrogencarbonate ions

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only

A

B. II only

102
Q

If seeds of an unknown species of plant are discovered, what assumption can be made about the species?

A. Its male gametes are contained within pollen
B. Its seeds are contained within fruits.
C. It is in the domain archaea
D. It is in the phylum angiospermophyta

A

A. Its male gametes are contained within pollen

103
Q

Which phyla have bilateral symmetry?

A. annelida, arthrophoda, platyhelmintha
B. porifera, arthropoda, platyhelmintha
C. cnidaria, porifera, mollusca
D. porifera, annelida, mollusca

A

A. annelida, arthrophoda, platyhelmintha

104
Q

What is an advantage of capillary walls being one cell thick in the systemic circulation?

A. To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into tissues
B. To allows oxygen to diffuse out of the tissues.
C. To allow glucose to diffuse into the tissues.
D. To allow urea to diffuse into tissues

A

C. To allow glucose to diffuse into the tissues.

105
Q

What causes the atrioventricular valves to close during a heartbeat?

A. Pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles
B. Pressure in the atria is lower than in the ventricles
C. Pressure in the arteries is higher than in the ventricles
D. Pressure in the arteries is lower than in the ventricles

A

B. Pressure in the atria is lower than in the ventricles

106
Q

Which hormone is part of a negative feedback control system and acts on cells in the hypothalamus?

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Melatonin
D. Leptin

A

D. Leptin

107
Q

Two populations of the same fish species were fed different diets to investigate the effect of differing nutrition on their growth. What is an appropriate method to determine the significance of a resulting difference?

A. Calculate the mean for each population
B. Calculate the standard deviation for each population
C. Graph the result
D. Perform a t-test

A

D. Perform a t-test

108
Q

Which shows the order of size from smallest to largest?

A, Viruses - cell membrane thickness - eukaryotic cell - prokaryotic cells

B. Cell membrane thickness - prokaryotic cells - viruses - eukaryotic cells

C. Cell membrane thickness - viruses - prokaryotic cells - eukaryotic cells.

D. Viruses - cell membrane thickness - prokaryotic cells - eukaryotic cells

A

C. Cell membrane thickness - viruses - prokaryotic cells - eukaryotic cells.

109
Q

Animal cells often secrete glycoproteins as extracellular components. What is a role of these glycoproteins?

A. Adhesion
B. Additional energy reserve
C. Membrane fluidity
D. Water uptake

A

A. Adhesion

110
Q

During which stage does the cell surface area to volume ratio decrease?

A. Interphase
B. Metaphase
C. Telophase
D. Cytokinesis

A

A. Interphase

111
Q

Which always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?

I. Carbohydrate
II. Protein
III. Fat

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

A

D. I, II and III

112
Q

Which molecule can be hydrolyzed?

A. Glycerol
B. Maltose
C. Fructose
D. Galactose

A

B. Maltose

113
Q

How is the information in the genetic code used?

A. To predict the genotype of gametes
B. To distinguish prokaryotic genomes from eukaryotic genomes.
C. To deduce phenotypes in pedigree charts
D. To translate mRNA into polypeptides

A

D. To translate mRNA into polypeptides

114
Q

What describes anaerobic cell respiration?

A. Glucose breaks down to pyruvate
B. Carbon dioxide fixation
C. No ATP formation
D. Occurs in the mitochondrion

A

A. Glucose breaks down to pyruvate

115
Q

In a person who is heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia, where is the mutation found?

A. In every gamete produced
B. Only in gametes carrying an X chromosome
C. In all brain cells
D. In blood plasma

A

C. In all brain cells

116
Q

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over usually occur?

A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Prophase II
D. Metaphase II

A

A. Prophase I

117
Q

What is the chromosome number in a human gamete with non-disjunction?

A. 46
B. 45
C. 24
D. 23

A

C. 24

118
Q

In a human with type A blood, what determines the blood group?

A. Sex chromosomes
B. One or two alleles
C. Multiple alleles
D. Codominant alleles

A

B. One or two alleles

119
Q

Which process has the greatest relative role in transferring carbon?

A. Decomposition
B. Combustion
C. Photosynthesis
D. Cell

A

C. Photosynthesis

120
Q

An acacia tortillis tree is one of 13 species of Acacia. All such flowering trees are examples of Fabacea
What is the highest level of taxa for Acacia tortilis?

A. Acacia
B. Tortillis
C. Fabaceae
D. Angiospermophyta

A

D. Angiospermophyta

121
Q

What structures in the small intestine transport most fats?

A. Collecting ducts
B. Capillaries
C. Veins
D. Lacteals

A

D. Lacteals

122
Q

What causes the heart ventricles to fill with blood?
I. Atrial contraction
II. Closing of atrioventricular valves
III. Opening of semilunar valves

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. III only

A

A. I only

123
Q

What is the correct statement concerning HIV and AIDS?

A. All HIV patients have AIDS
B. HIV and AIDS are transmitted on the sex chromosomes
C. All AIDS patients have HIV
D. HIV and AIDS neutralize antibodies

A

C. All AIDS patients have HIV

124
Q

What is a characteristic of type II diabetes?

A. Insufficient insulin
B. Insulin insensitivity
C. Excess glucagon
D. Low white blood cell count

A

B. Insulin insensitivity

125
Q

Which two hormones promote thickening of the endometrium?

A. FSH and LH
B. Estrogen and FSH
C. LH and estrogen
D. Progesterone and estrogen

A

D. Progesterone and estrogen

126
Q

What statistical method will determine whether these two species occur together by chance or by some kind of interaction?

A. Chi-squared test
B. t-test
C. Standard deviation
D. Mean and ranges

A

A. Chi-squared test

127
Q

Florey and Chain’s penicillin experiments would not be compliant with current protocols on testing. How was their work out of compliance with today’s standard?

A. They did animal testing
B. They tested on humans after animal testing with only eight mice
C. They did not use sterile technique for culturing the bacteria
D. They used lethal quantities of bacteria during their tests.

A

B. They tested on humans after animal testing with only eight mice

128
Q

Why are antibiotics effective in curing diseases against some pathogens but not others?
I. Antibiotics interrupt processes found in some but not all pathogen cells
II. Some pathogens have no metabolic processes to interrupt
III. Some pathogens have developed genetic resistance to specific antibiotics.

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I, II, and III

A

D. I, II, and III

129
Q

Which hormone controls metabolc rate?

A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Thyroxin
D. Melatonin

A

C. Thyroxin

130
Q

Which pituitary hormones regulate the human menstrual cycle?

A. FSH and LH
B. Progesterone and estrogen
C. HCG and estrogen
D. FSH and oxytocin

A

A. FSH and LH

131
Q

Which cell component arose first during the formation of the earliest cells?

A. Chloroplast
B. Plasma membrane
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell wall

A

B. Plasma membrane

132
Q

In a chimpanzee, the haploid number of chromosomes is 24. How many sister chromatids are present in the G2 phase of a somatic cell?

A. 12
B. 24
C. 48
D. 96

A

D. 96

133
Q

A molecule of DNA is found to contain 200 guanine bases, representing 25% of the total number of bases. How many phosphate groups does this molecule of DNA contain?

A. 50
B. 200
C. 800
D. 1000

A

C. 800

134
Q

What is the minimum number of nucleotides needed to code for a polypeptide composed of 210 amino acids?

A. 70
B. 210
C. 420
D. 630

A

D. 630

135
Q

What is produced be meiosis in a cell of a male animal?

A. Four gametes, each with the same number of chromosomes
B. Two gametes, each with same number of chromosomes
C. Four gametes, each with different number of chromosomes
D. Two gametes, each with different numbers of chromosomes

A

A. Four gametes, each with the same number of chromosomes

136
Q

Chromosome numbers vary between species. Which statement refers to humans?

A. An egg cell has 22 autosomes
B. A sperm cell has 23 autosomes
C. An egg cell has two X chromosomes
D. A zygote has two autosomes

A

A. An egg cell has 22 autosomes

137
Q

What is most likely to increase in the presence of insulin?

A. The rate of anaerobic respiration
B. The chances of Type I diabetes
C. The uptake of glucose by muscles
D. The concentration of glucagon

A

C. The uptake of glucose by muscles

138
Q

Lipids are more efficient energy stores than carbohydrates. What is a reason for this?

A. Lipids are bigger molecules than carbohydrates
B. Lipids release more energy per gram than carbohydrates
C. Lipids can be more easily mobilized than carbohydrates when needed.
D. Lipids can be used in aerobic and anaerobic respiration when needed.

A

B. Lipids release more energy per gram than carbohydrate

Biology (7 decks)

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