Paper 1 Section A : Roaring 20s Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
Who contributed to the industrial strength
A
Henry ford
2
Q
What enabled Henry ford to contribute to economic boom
A
Mass production and standardisation which made the assembly line
3
Q
How quickly did he make his cars
A
1 every 10 seconds
4
Q
What did the price descend to at what time
A
1928 $295
5
Q
How many more cars were there on the roads than in 1900
A
47996000
6
Q
Where were his factories
A
Detroit
7
Q
What were the price of the car compared to
A
3 months wages of a factory worker - lower class
8
Q
By how much did the average wages increase by
A
11 %
9
Q
How much did the average working week drop to
A
44.2 hours (8 hours a day) shifts equalling 24 hours
10
Q
How many men were working in 1929 in one factory
A
81,000
11
Q
In what year was the motor industry the biggest industry in America
A
1929
12
Q
After how many years of opening how many cars were made a day
A
10 years 500 cars a day
13
Q
What was the model t nicknamed
A
Tin Lizzie
14
Q
When was ford founded
A
1903
15
Q
How did ford increase housing
A
People could drive to suburbs and by cheaper homes further away from city centre
16
Q
What was ford the first at
A
Making cars efficiently and quickly for cheap prices influencing other manufacturers and not for just making cars
17
Q
How muhch did the average worker earn
A
$5
18
Q
Give a quote from Henry ford
A
Can have any colour …. so long as it’s black
19
Q
By standardisation what advantage did that cause
A
Having less skllled workers who cost less and were easy to find
20
Q
What also did ford open
A
Profit sharing scheme
21
Q
What were the 5 main entertainment chases
A
Music Radio Books magazines cartoons Movie and cinema Sport
22
Q
Who were the main black American face in music
A
Bessie smith
Lois Armstrong
Duke Ellington
23
Q
When and what did Lois Armstrong do
A
1925-1928
West end blues famous song
24
Q
Who was duke Ellington
A
'Americas greatest composer' Soda fountain rag Toured Changed musical history Jazz and blues
25
Who was Bessie smith
'Blues empress'
Downhearted blues
Sold 2000000 copies in one year
26
What was music in the 20's considered as
Jazz age
27
Where did the music come from and what happened
Harlem renaissance
Black Americans - slaves migration north to south
Popular music from rural areas - countryside
28
What did elderly think of music
Corrupted young - racial views of black Americans - didn't join in the fun in speakeasies
29
Who were jack Dempsey
| George Herman Ruth and Henry Seagrave
Jack heavy weight champion
Henry - 1929 motor racer on golden arrow 231.44 mph
George - babe Ruth star of New York yankees baseball team - al Capone enjoyed baseball and favoured Boston Red Sox
30
What happened in schools due to sport
Opened sports to middle class allowing the sale of equipment in schools
31
What could people do with sport
Pay to watch it live
32
In what year how many homes had radios
1/2 of all homes
33
In one year 1921-22 how many radio stations were there created
508
34
On the radio what could be publicised
Adverts and the news and popular music
| Sponsors and political views
35
What did critics say about the radio
It should be educational and enlightening
36
Canst famous systems for radio were therereaching nearly every nation
Columbia broadcast system
| National broadcasting operation
37
Who was heard in every nation
Bing Crosby
38
Due to the radio becoming popular what occurred
Demand for mass production
39
Who were a big book selling company
Garner and noble
40
What sold in books and magazines
Sex
41
What was a great common boook written in the 1920's and why was it so great
```
Great gatsby
Depicted upper class life
```
42
Who were the most famous cartoon characters
Winnie the Pooh
| Bettie hoop
43
When did Mickey Mouse come about
1928
44
Who were famous authors
TS Elliot and Robert frost
45
In books what did they write about it here than sex
Ww1 experiences
Disillusionment
Sense of rebel
46
Who were famous movie producers
Hollywood
| Metro Goldwyn mayor
47
What films were introduced
Talkie films
48
What was so significant about a dark auditorium
Enter a new world
Creates tension and anticipation - can't see
Forget their troubles
49
Why did people go to the cinema
See the news - didn't have tv's
50
Who were famous actors
Clara bow
Charlie Chaplin
Buster Keaton
51
In what year how many cinemas were there
1928
| 17000 cinemas in USA
52
How many tickets were sold a week
Hundred million
| Equivalent to present day
53
What was the original working hours fir a week and what did it drop to
47.4 to 44.2
54
Who were the three republican presidents in the 1920's
Warren Harding 1921-23
Calvin Coolidge 23-29
Herbert Hoover 29-33
55
What did it encourage business men to make because f all the their policies
Profit
56
What are the four policies that were enforced by the republicans
Isolationism
Tarrifs
Taxes
Laissez faire
57
By isolationism what was the result
Countries lost money
No foreign comp
No foreign affairs
Didn't join League of Nations
58
What did the taxes drop from and to
73% to 24%
59
What was the highest tariff and when was it enforced?
Fordney mccumber
| 1922
60
What did companies do more of
Competing between one another
61
What % of immigrant places were given to English and irish due to the 'nationalities origin act'
85%
62
What was the emergency quota act and in what year
1921 if nationality was above 8% in America in 1910 you were accepted
63
When was the literacy test introduced for immigrants
1917
64
Where did immigrants sign in
Ellis island
65
How many immigrants were allaowed each year
1920
| 150000
66
What country was not accepted to be an immigrant and why also why is it ironic
Asians
Culture too different
Ironic 'land of the free'
67
From where in Europe did immigration stop by 1930
Southern and Eastern Europe
68
How many innocent immigrants were arrested by the palmer raids
6000
69
What were the palmer raids
Palmer had strong views against communism and left wing organisations - he was murdered which inspired organised attacks on immigrants main,y because they brought most if the 'radical' views
70
What policy was doubted that then changed to stop immigrants
Open door policy
71
Give an expmle on who contributed to the red scare
Lenin - poisoned views Bolshvic
72
What were immigrants given
Menial jobs - child labour
73
Between 1859-1914 hiw many immigrants were accepted
40 million
74
How long did the red scare last
A year 1920-21
75
By the end of ww1 what happened
There were lots of different nationalities - didn't experience 'melting pot'
76
What religion was not allowed in America
Catholic and Jewish
77
Who were the most predominant faces in organised crime
Sacco and Vanzetti
| Al Capone
78
When was s and v put in prison
23 august 1927 Charles town prison
79
How were they executed
By electrocution
80
Who was s and v judge who was predjudicec backed up by Jim Crow laws
Webster Thayer
81
How was the judge for s and v prejudiced
107 out 168 saw the, elsewhere during crimes
82
When were s and v arrested
1920
83
Who did s and v use to commit crimes
Others like Celestino madeiros
84
What tripe of immigrants were s and v
Italian
85
How long did the disproven case take
6 years
86
Why was the judge even more orejudice fptowards s and v
Height if red scare
87
They were the master minds ( s and v ) giv some examples they were behind
24/12/1919 in Bridgwater - robbery
April 1920 in south Braintree
Stole $15000 car and murdered two men
88
What were s and v jobs
Shoe maker and fish peddler - ordinary
89
When did al c arrive and where
In Chicago on the run 1918
90
What was al c nicknamed
Scar face - from car brawl in Coney Island
91
Give some quotes from al c
'Business man '
'Don't mistake my kindness for weakness'
'If I break the law my customers.....are as guilty as I am'
92
How many murdered had al c committed
500 murders between 1927-1929
93
What had al c made that was taken by government to ge used by president Roosevelt limo
Bullet proof Cadillac 1932
94
By 1929 what had al c done
Destroyed all gangs in Chicago - 300 murders
95
What was st valentines massacre
Destroying bugs makes ran and gang - rival
Used false police car - inspected men and shot them - caught them off guard
Killed 6 men
96
What was al c and what did he cause
```
Best known gangster
Popular
Loved baseball a and American football
High profile
Caused collapse in government and order during progubition
```
97
When and what and who was all c captured and imorosined
Elliot ness
1931
Tax income evasion
98
What did al c suffer
Neurosyohillus
99
What did al c control
```
Speakeasies etc
Police
Mayor
Spy network
Albi
```
100
How did dc Stephenson die and what did it cause
By conviction which inspired more klan activity - uprise in morale
101
Who was dc Stephenson
Most successful klan leader
Grand dragon of Indiana klans and 22 other states
Had full control of whole of Indiana state
Very influential - helped elect governors on Maine Ohio and Louisiana 1924
Made the klan membership rise to 300000
102
What were the membership sizes of he kkk and what was the percentage increase
1921 100,000
1923 5000000
1929 20000
5000% between 1920-1925
103
What did dc Stephenson call the kkkk
Invisible empire
104
Who made the kkk up
Poor and middle class members in the south and north of America - demonstrated and emphasised by Kathleen bee
105
Give someone who was a kkk leader others than dc Stephenson
Hiram Wesley Evans
106
With the kkk what did they do in 1926 and why
Marched down Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington DC) to demonstrate their popularity
107
What was the typical kkk group like
```
Symbol,was a burning cross
Carried us flag
Radical ceremonies - rituals
Wore the same clothes
Followed a rule book kloran
Used secret codes klonversations
Met at night in rural areas
Membership was always changing
Never recorded names
```
108
What was significant about the membership size constantly changing
So outsiders couldn't track who was a klan member or not because it was always changing
109
How did the kkk grow
Immigration to city
Industrialisation
Anti-Catholicism
110
What did they do to particular people and who were they
Lynched,castrated, burnt, tormented, abused , assaulted, branded, whipped
```
Jews
Catholics
Black
Foreigners
Communists
People disagreeing with their views
```
111
What are the kkk
A white supremacist Protestant group
112
What do the kkk state they are doing
On a moral crusade to protect americas values
113
What did a man do to the kkk when they tormented him
Got a cigarette and blew it in their faces
114
What sparked a rebirth in the kkk, when and when were they previously existing
1915 rebirth from a film supporting their views
Previously joined in 1861-1865
115
What did the kkk have control over
Politicians
116
Where did they influence the most
Small towns and rural cities
117
What did they do with influential people
Get them to have senators as presidents and to influence their views - also destroy other campaigning nominee presidents so the people in charge favour the kkk e.g. Al smith who was catholic
118
When was the kkk at its height of performance and popularity
1930 - broken on national stage
119
When did women get the right to vote
1920
120
At the end of ww1 what happened to women when men went to fight
Given opportunities to have jobs - replace the men because they were fighting
121
In what year how many women had jobs and what percentage increase was this
1928 10,000,000 had jobs
| 24% more than in 1920
122
What was the typical image for women who were young and middle class
Flapper
123
What happened to women who were the elder generation
Looked down on the young
124
What was more popular fir women the flapper or traditional
Traditional
125
Who was given a main role in the talkie film and in what year
Gloria Swanson
| 1929 the trespasser
126
Why did the prohibition fail
Not enough agents 1,500 in 1920 - low salaries
Size of boundaries to prevent alcohol coming into country
No one supported the law - contradicts americas history of supporting the law
127
In terms of speakeasies and saloons what was the year there were more speakeasies than saloons in 1919 before the ban
1925
128
Who transported alcohol
Bootleggers
129
What were the supporters of the prohibition called
Dries
Anti saloon league
130
Where was a common place alcohol came from
Canada
131
What was the prohibition called
Volstead act 18th amendment
| 1920 January
132
Which state never introduced the prohibition
Maryland
133
How many tears did it take for the law for the prohibition to come into place
4
134
When was the prohibition ratified
1933
135
Why did they ratify the prohibition
Provided jobs
Raise tax
Free sources
136
Give an alcohol that was dangerous
Soda pop moon - poisonous alcohol
Some were 100% alcohol
137
What did speakeasies and home distilleries create
Moonshine
138
How many illegal distilleries were captured in 1925
12.023
139
Who ratified the prohibition
Roosevelt - 1 year of being president
140
How many arerrest were made over illegal alcohol and who by
Einstein and smith
| 4,932
141
Who were bribed to drink
Officials / police
142
Why was the prohibition introduced
National mood a- damaged society
Practical - boosts supplies of grains - barley
Moral - wrong when fighting
Religious - sin against gods will
143
Why was it morally wrong to drink
Everyone having a good time whilst ww1 in act - people dying and fighting
Breweries were run by German immigrants - seen as the enemy
In patriotic
144
How much money did the sale of alcohol earn
$2 billion
145
What did the prohibition increase
The rate of organised crime - want. To be the best / most successful illegal alcohol seller - earn the most
146
What was the orohibition often called
Noble experiment
147
How many gangland murders were there and who were the most iconic faces in crime over alcohol
130 - no arrests
Al Capone and bugs Moran
148
What was a famous whisky at the time
Captain mc coy Scottish whisky
Real mc coy
149
How many children smothered by drunk parents
300
150
How much was the illegal business worth
$2000 million
151
Who common,y made up the anti saloon club
The elderly
| Devout christians
152
What law affected African Americans
Jim Crow law
153
What did the Jim Crow law emphasise
2 nd class citizens
Crow - animal like - scavenger behaviour
154
What was the so called equality
Names they called one another - mr Mrs miss sir
First names or boy girl
155
Who enforced segregation
Supreme Court
156
What occurred in speakeasies where people realised they are similar and share the same interests
Harlem renaissance
157
Give some people who were black celebs
```
Jesse Owen (sprinter)
Josephine baker (dancer)
Lois Armstrong (singer)
```
158
Why was the Jim Crow law introduced
During the please v Ferguson case 1896
159
What was a popular fashion
Keeping up with the tonesses
160
What was the typical thing everyone wanted - rags to riches
American dream
161
How big were some loans
$8.5 billion
162
When did the bank lend money to people
1926-29
163
What is the cycle of prosperity
Demand for products
Increase in jobs
Excess money to spend on consumer goods
164
What were the causes of the boom
```
Ww1
Republican policies
Industrial strength
Henry Ford
Consumer goods and stocks and shares
Tariffs
```
