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History GCSE paper 1 > Paper 1- sectionA- Part 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1- sectionA- Part 1 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelmina II come to the throne?

A

1888

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2
Q

Who did he dismiss in 1890?

A

The old chancellor, Otto Von Bismarck

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3
Q

What is a consituition?

A

A set of rules by which a country is governed

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4
Q

What were Germany’s highly successful industries ?

A 
Coal
Argriculture 
Iron
Steel 
Textiles 
Chemicals
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5
Q

In 1871 what did the German Government consist of?

A

The Kasier and his ministers

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6
Q

What was the job of the Ministers?

A

They ran the government departments and advised the kasier

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7
Q

What was the kaisers job?

A

He was in control over appointing and dismissing ministers and the Chancellor

Supreme commander of the army

Decided Foreign Policy

To dissolve the Reichstag

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8
Q

Why was the Reichstag not very powerful ?

A

Because it did not form the government

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9
Q

What were the main political parties in Germany?

A

Conservative

Free conservative

National liberal

Progressive

Center

Socialist

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10
Q

Who were the conservatives ?

A

Landowners and Prussian Junkers

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11
Q

Who were the free conservative?

A

Rich businessmen

Industrialists

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12
Q

Who were the National Liberal?

A

Middle class who supported government

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13
Q

Who were the progressive party?

A

Middle class who wanted democracy

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14
Q

Who were the center Party?

A

Catholics

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15
Q

Who were the socialists ?

A

Working class

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16
Q

In the early years of Wilhelmina reign who had the majority in the Reichstag?

A

Right wing parties

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17
Q

After 1912 who became the largest party and what did this lead to?

A

SPD- socialists party

Lead to the government found more difficult to control the Reichstag so they decided to ignore it

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18
Q

How was the German Empire created?

A

By three victories

Denmark 1964

Austria 1866

France 1871

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19
Q

What was the largest and wealthiest most powerful party of the German states ?

A

Prussia

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20
Q

Who was the biggest party in the Reichstag in 1912

A

Anti-socialists legislation

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21
Q

What was a way the working class were able to organise themselves and express their opinions ?

A

Trade unions

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22
Q

What did the Kaisers idea that Germany was destined to become and world power develop into ?

A

Weltpolitk

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23
Q

What was very crucial to Weltpolitik ?

A

Expansion of the Navy

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24
Q

What was formed in 1898 which put pressure on the government to expand the navy?

A

Navy league

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25
When was the first navy law passed by the Reichstag ?
1898
26
By Germany expanding their navy how did this anger Britain ?
Because they wanted to retain their two power standard out of splendid isolation and contributed to the outbreak of WW1
27
When did Germany surrender from WW1?
11th November 1918?
28
What did the Treaty of Versailles lead to Germany losing
Alsace and Lorraine Land to Poland Land to Belgium and Denmark All African colonies The Saar coal region to the League of Nations for 15 years
29
Who did Germany lose Alsace and Lorraine to ?
France
30
What happened to Germany War forces ?
Army were only allow d 100,000 with no conscription 6 battleships for navy No Air Force
31
What happened to the Rhineland due to the Treatu of Versailles ?
Demilitarised with allies occupying the West Bank if he Rhône for 15 years
32
What was banned due to the Treatu of Versailles? I’m
Anschluss
33
What was the Wat Guilt Clause?
What Germany had to sign which said they would take full blame for the war staring
34
How much are the Reparations that the Treaty of Versailles made Germany pay? Who did they have to pay them to?
£6,600 million To Britain, France, Belgium
35
What did Germany hope the Treaty of Versailles was based on?
President Wilson’s Fourteen points
36
What did Germany regard the Treaty of Versailles as?
Diktat which means dictates peace
37
Who were blamed for signing the Armistice and what were they called?
The new Weimar politicians The November criminals
38
What did the German economy accept the Treaty as ?
Stab in the back theory
39
Why did Germany have no other choice by to sign the Treaty of Versailles?
Because they were in no condition to restart the war
40
Until 1918 what did Germany function as ?
Autocracy
41
When did the Kaiser flee to the Netherlands ?
November 9 1918
42
Who was a provisional government formed under due to the Kaisers abdication ?
Freidrich Ebert
43
Who was the constitution agreed by and when?
The new government in early 1919
44
What were the weakness of democracy under Weimar Republic
System of PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION- allowed small parties to gain representation PRESIDENT- too powerful
45
What were the challenges the Weimar Republic had to have between 1919-1923 ?
Server food shortages Fuel shortages The returning soilders who had no jobs Spanish flu outbreak who killed millions
46
When was the Spartacists rising?
January 1919
47
Who were the Spartacists ?
Communists group led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburgués
48
What did the Spartacists aim to do?
Carry out a revolution in Germany Set up workers councils
49
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 1920
50
What was the Kapp Putsch?
Extreme right wing rising by 5,00 members of they Freikorps led by Dr Wolfgang Kapp Seized governments in Berlin and supported by the Berlin Police Defeated by general strike
51
When was the Munich Putsch?
November 1923
52
What was the Munich Putsch?
Another attack from the extreme right wing
53
What was the Munich Putsch also known as ?
Beer Hall Putsch
54
What happened in the Munich Putsch ?
Hitler though that Nazis were strong enough to overthrow German Government He used his own troops and SA to seize some government offices but they were recaptured Hitler and Lundendoff marched with nazis to the center of Munich - some nazis along with Hitler and Lundendoff were arrested This was the end of the Putsch
55
What did Hitler write due to him being arrested because of the Munich Putsch?
Mein Kampft
56
What were the long term causes of Hiper inflation ?
WORLD WAR ONE- prices kept on rising MONEY BORROWED BY GOVERNMENT- they could not repay depts due to reparations Coal and steel payments
57
What were the immediate but short term causes of hyperinflation?
GOVERNMENT PRINTED MORE MONEY- the money value fell and prices rose FRENCH INVASION- they invaded the Ruhr which causes strikes
58
Explain the invasion of the Ruhr?
When Germany could not pay back reparations this angered the French The invaded the war as they thought Germany could repay them in raw materials But Germany came together and ordered passive resistance The French tried to bring their own workers but they were not allowed in - this lead to major violence
59
What is Passive resistance ?
The Germán workers did not violence co operation and went on strike
60
What did the Occupation of the Ruhr lead to?
Higher inflation
61
What were the Effects of higher inflation ?
Price of money fell Prices of food rose Savings became worthless Debt payments did not change
62
What was the period of 1924- 29 known as ?
The Golden Age
63
Im August 1923 who was Germany’s new government formed under ?
Gustav Stresemann
64
What was Stressemans roles in 1923?
He was a chancellor from Augusta to November Then A Foregin Minister until October 1929
65
Who did the most to bring about Germany’s economic recovery after 1923?
Gustav Streseman
66
What did Stresemann do to bring German economic recovery ?
Immediately called of passive resistance Dropped money printing Produced the new currency Rentenmark
67
What made reparations easier to pay?
The Dawes plan which led to Germany being able to pay what they were able to
68
Explain the Dawes plan?
USA would lend money to Germany Germany would pay off France France would pay USA
69
When was the Lacarno Treaties ?
1925
70
What did the Locarno Treaty do?
Changed the Treaty of Versailles France agreed not to invade the Ruhr
71
What was the conclusion of the Golden age?
Germany were not experiencing prosperity and stability . They had become politically stable. End to unrest and the Weimar Republic had hope of survival.
72
What were the bad things that were still around during the Golden Age?
Imports were rising faster than exports which lost them trading Farmers incomes were declining American loans were relied on too much so when they were no longer, Germany started to suffer When Ebert died Hindenburg replaced him but he opposed to the new republic

History GCSE paper 1 (6 decks)

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