Paper 1 Specific Revison

Question 1

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 1

A cell without a nucleus, e.g. bacteria.

Question 2

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 2

A cell with a nucleus, e.g. plant and animal cells.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

It contains the cell’s DNA.

Question 4

What happens in the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

It is where chemical reactions occur.

Question 5

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 5

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 6

What is the role of mitochondria?

Answer 6

Site of respiration.

Question 7

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 7

Carry out protein synthesis.

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 8

Supports the cell (plants only).

Question 9

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Site of photosynthesis (plants only).

Question 10

What does the vacuole contain and do?

Answer 10

Contains cell sap and keeps the cell turgid.

Question 11

Which type of microscope has lower resolution?

Answer 11

Light microscope.

Question 12

Which type of microscope has higher magnification and resolution?

Answer 12

Electron microscope.

Question 13

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 13

Growth and repair.

Question 14

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

Answer 14

Two identical daughter cells.

Question 15

What is diffusion?

Answer 15

Movement of particles from high to low concentration (passive).

Question 16

What is osmosis?

Answer 16

Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane (passive).

Question 17

What is active transport?

Answer 17

Movement from low to high concentration, requires energy (ATP).

Question 18

Where is amylase produced and what does it break down?

Answer 18

Salivary glands; breaks down starch into sugars.

Question 19

Where is protease produced and what does it break down?

Answer 19

Stomach and pancreas; breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Question 20

Where is lipase produced and what does it break down?

Answer 20

Pancreas; breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 21

What does bile do?

Answer 21

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats.

Question 22

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 22

Carry oxygen using haemoglobin.

Question 23

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 23

Fight infection.

Question 24

What do platelets do?

Answer 24

Help with blood clotting.

Question 25

What does plasma transport?

Answer 25

Everything else (e.g. nutrients, hormones, waste).

Question 26

Which blood vessel has thick walls and small lumen?

Answer 26

Artery.

Question 27

Which vessel has thin walls, large lumen, and valves?

Answer 27

Vein.

Question 28

Which blood vessel is one cell thick?

Answer 28

Capillary.

Question 29

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

Question 30

What conditions are needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 30

Light and chlorophyll.

Question 31

What are the three limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 31

Light intensity, CO₂ concentration, and temperature.

Question 32

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 32

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy).

Question 33

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 33

Glucose → lactic acid (+ less energy).

Question 34

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called and what are the products?

Answer 34

Fermentation; glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide.

Question 35

How do bacteria cause illness?

Answer 35

By producing toxins.

Question 36

How do viruses cause illness?

Answer 36

By hijacking cells to replicate.

Question 37

Name two other types of pathogens.

Answer 37

Fungi and protists.

Question 38

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 38

Engulf and destroy pathogens.

Question 39

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 39

Produce antibodies.

Question 40

How does vaccination protect against disease?

Answer 40

Introduces dead/inactive pathogens to stimulate antibody production for a faster response if infected again.

Question 41

What is observed in the microscopy practical?

Answer 41

Onion cells using a light microscope.

Question 42

What is the osmosis practical about?

Answer 42

Mass change in potato pieces in different sugar solutions.

Question 43

What does the enzyme practical test?

Answer 43

The effect of pH on amylase activity.

Question 44

What food tests are used to detect sugar, protein, starch, and lipids?

Answer 44

* Benedict’s = sugar * Biuret = protein * Iodine = starch * Ethanol = lipids