paper 1 things I forget/ haven't mastered

Question 1

encoding specificity principle

Answer 1

the cue must be available at the time of memory and again at recall.

Question 2

response bias explanation

Answer 2

the actual memory is not distorted the wording of the question just influences how we answer

Question 3

substitution explanation

Answer 3

the actual memory is distorted by the wording of the question so the actual memory is altered

Question 4

memory contamination

Answer 4

speaking with others about an event combines misinformation from other witnesses with their own memory of events

Question 5

memory conformity

Answer 5

going along with others to win social approval or because we think they are right

Question 6

name of the curve that shows optimum levels of anxiety for memory

Answer 6

yerkes dodson curve

Question 7

the enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 7

how and when to use eye contact
methods to reduce anxiety
minimising distractions
open ended questions

Question 8

obedience levels when moved location in milgrams experiment

Answer 8

47.5%

Question 9

obedience when experimenter wore normal clothes

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

cross cultural research evaluation for obedience

Answer 10

a Dutch study ordered interviewers to say stressful things to candidates, 90% obeyed however is a similar culture to the USA

Question 11

what are binding factors

Answer 11

things that keep us in agentic state which allow us to minimise the effect of the behaviour therefore reducing the moral strain of how we are feeling

Question 12

cultural differences for legitmiacy of authority

Answer 12

australia 16% Germany 85% obedience

Question 13

synchronic consistency

Answer 13

consistency between people ie they all say the same

Question 14

diachronic consistency

Answer 14

consistent over time

Question 15

6 steps to social change
DCDASS

Answer 15

draw attention - makes people aware of an issue
consistency
deeper processing - makes people think deeper
augmentation principle-some suffered for their views so is taken seriously
snowball effect - more people change
social cryptomnesia - memory changed no one remebers how

Question 16

pros of statistical infrequency

Answer 16

1. objective
2. intuitive - makes sense

Question 17

cons of statistical infrequency

Answer 17

1. labelling someone may have adverse effects
   2.super smart not considered as abnormal (idd)

Question 18

pros of deviation from social norms

Answer 18

application - successfully diagnosing APD

Question 19

pros of failure to function adequately

Answer 19

1. patients subjective experience is considered
2. measurable - GAF scale measures failure

Question 20

cons of failure to function adequately

Answer 20

1. may be effecting peers more than the patient
2. abnormality doesnt always stop normal functioning

Question 21

cons of deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 21

1. unrealistically high standard
2. ethnocentric - self actualisation is selfish in some cultures

Question 22

behavioural characteristics of phobias
PAE

Answer 22

Panic
Avoidance
Endurance - choose to stay in presence

Question 23

emotional characteristics of phobias
AFE

Answer 23

anxiety
fear
emotional response is unreasonable

Question 24

cognitive characteristics of phobias
SIC

Answer 24

selective attention
irrational beliefs
Cognitive distortion

Question 25

behavioural characteristics of depression ADA

Answer 25

activity levels up or down disrupted sleeping and eating aggression and self harm

Question 26

emotional characteristics of depression lal

Answer 26

lowered mood anger lack of self esteem

Question 27

cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 27

poor concentration dwelling on the negative absolutist thinking

Question 28

3 parts of becks theory

Answer 28

faulty information processing (focus on negatives) Negative self schemas Negative cognitive triad

Question 29

what does ABCDE stand for

Answer 29

activating event, beliefs, consequences, dispute, effect

Question 30

what is behavioural activation therapy

Answer 30

depressed individuals isolate themselves which maintains symptoms. behavioural activation increasing the amount of mood boosting activities eg going out for a walk

Question 31

behavioural characteristics of OCD CA

Answer 31

1. compulsions 2. avoidance

Question 32

emotional characteristics of OCD

Answer 32

anxiety depression guilt and disgust

Question 33

cognitive characteristics of OCD

Answer 33

obsessions cognitive coping strategies awareness thoughts are irrational

Question 34

neural explanations for OCD

Answer 34

Serotonin -if low transmission of mood relevant information is not passed through successfully decision making systems - abnormal funtioning in frontal lobe

Question 35

distinctive roles of the father

Answer 35

more likely to be a playmate and work for stimulation rather than emotional attachments

Question 36

fathers a pcg

Answer 36

pcg fathers like pcg mothers spent more time smiling imitating and interacting with the baby the scg fathers showing fathers can be pcgs

Question 37

evaluations as fathers as the pcg

Answer 37

+ applications- reassures single mothers and homosexual parents as well as reassuring the mother that they do not necessarily need to stay at home to be the pcg - unintentional observer bias - researchers see what they want to see based on preconceptions -conflicting evidence - grossman says fathers have a key role to play but this suggests single mother or lesbian households would have children behaving differently however studies show the families can adapt to fill gaps in roles

Question 38

what is the unconditioned stimulus in learning theory

Answer 38

the food

Question 39

what is the conditioned stimulus in learning theory

Answer 39

the mother (as baby has been conditioned to associate the mother with the food)

Question 40

ijzendoorns study

Answer 40

32 studies over 8 countries in a meta analysis individualist cultures were similar to the original study collectivist cultures had increased resistant rates and reduced avoidant rates

Question 41

simonellas study

Answer 41

repeated strange situation in italy found secure rates were lowered possibly bc of people relying on child care and working more

Question 42

what is disinhibited attachment

Answer 42

when a specific attachment has not been formed symptoms include clinginess and attention seeking