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Physics Yr. 10 > Paper 1 topics > Flashcards

Paper 1 topics Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some examples of energy stores? (there’s 7)

A

gravitational potential energy
elastic potential energy
thermal energy
kinetic energy
nuclear energy
electrical energy
chemical energy

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2
Q

what are some ways for an energy transfer to take place?

A

heating
work done by forces
work done when a current flows

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3
Q

what is specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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4
Q

what is specific latent heat?

A

the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature

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5
Q

what is the definition of power?

A

the rate at which work is done

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6
Q

what does dissipated energy mean?

A

energy transferred to the surroundings

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7
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy?

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred

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8
Q

how can the efficiency of an intended energy transfer be increased?

A

mechanical machine - lubrication
thermal energy transfers - insulation

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9
Q

what does renewable mean?

A

it doesn’t run out, and can always be accessed

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10
Q

what does non-renewable mean?

A

it can run out and can’t be used forever

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11
Q

what are examples of renewable energy? (theres 6)

A

solar energy
hydro-electric energy
wind energy
geothermal energy
tidal energy
wave energy

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12
Q

what are examples of non-renewable energy?

A

fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil)
nuclear energy

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13
Q

what are the main energy sources available?

A

fossil fuels
solar energy
nuclear energy

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14
Q

what is the current’s value at any point in a single closed loop?

A

it stays the same throughout

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15
Q

what does a thermistor do?

A

measure the temperature of a device

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16
Q

what is an LDR?

A

Light Dependent Resistor

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17
Q

what happens to the resistance of the thermistor if the temperature is increased?

A

the resistance decreases

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18
Q

what happens to the temperature if the resistance of the thermistor is decreased?

A

the temperature increases

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19
Q

what happens to the resistance of the LDR when the light intensity increases?

A

the resistance decreases

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20
Q

what happens to the light intensity when the resistance of the LDR decreases?

A

the light intensity increases

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21
Q

what colour is the live wire?

A

brown

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22
Q

what colour is the neutral wire?

A

blue

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23
Q

what colour is the earth wire?

Study These Flashcards
A

green and yellow

24
Q

what does the live wire do?

Study These Flashcards
A

it carries alternating potential difference from the supply

25
what does the neutral wire do?
it completes the circuit
26
what does the earth wire do?
it is a safety wire that stops the appliance from becoming live
27
what is the potential difference between the live wire and the earth wire?
230V
28
what is the potential difference of the earth wire?
0V
29
what is the potential difference of the neutral wire?
close to or at 0V
30
when does the earth wire carry current?
when there is a fault in the circuit
31
when is work done?
when charge flows through a circuit
32
what is the National Grid?
a way to transfer electrical power from power stations to consumers
33
how does the National Grid work? (process of it)
- before the electrical power leaves the power station, it is transferred at high voltages by using 'step-up transformers' which increases the voltage to around 275, 000V - then the electrical power travels through the high-voltage transmission lines - the electric power's voltage is decreased to 230V by 'step-down transformers' - the electric power is then transferred to consumers
34
why is the national grid efficient? (HEATING)
when the current in a cable is higher, more energy is dissipated through heating, and as the high currents waste more energy than the low currents, the electrical power is transported around the grid at a high voltage and low current
35
what does dissipated mean?
transferred to the surroundings
36
how does a material become electrically charged? (why, what happens with the electrons?)
by rubbing certain insulating materials against each other because the negatively charged electrons are rubbed off one material onto the other. the material that gains the negative electrons becomes negatively charged. the material that lost its negative electrons becomes positively charged
37
what happens when 2 electrically charged objects are put near each other?
they exert a force on each other
38
what do 2 objects carrying the same charge do?
they repel
39
what do 2 objects carrying different charges do?
they attract
40
what are attraction and repulsion both examples of?
non-contact forces
41
what happens to the strength of the electric field the closer it is to the charged object?
it is strongest when it is closest to the charged object
42
what happens to the strength of the electric field the further away it is from the charged object?
it weakens the further away from the charged object it is
43
what is the concept of an electric field?
the electric field is where charges experience a force
44
how are changes of state different to chemical changes?
when changes of state are reversed, they always regain their original properties
45
what is internal energy?
the energy stored inside a system by the particles that its made up of, and is also the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles
46
what is pressure measured in?
Pascals (Pa)
47
how can the pressure of a gas be increased?
- by doing work on the gas, as this increases the internal energy of the gas which causes an increase in temperature - by making the container smaller - heating the gas
48
who discovered electrons?
thomson
49
who carried out the alpha particle experiment?
geiger and marsden
50
who discovered the nucleus?
rutherford
51
who discovered that atoms have shells/energy levels?
bohr
52
who discovered neutrons in the nucleus?
chadwick
53
what does direct potential difference mean?
a constant potential difference that always flows in the same direction
54
what does alternating potential difference mean?
a potential difference that changes direction regularly
55
what is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?
the amount of energy needed for 1kg of a substance to change from a liquid to a gas without a change of temperature
56
what is the specific latent heat of fusion?
the amount of energy needed for 1kg of a substance to change from a solid to a liquid without a change in temperature

Physics Yr. 10 (2 decks)

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