paper 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
urbanization definition and levels in different countries
growth of people living in an urban area
HIC - low urbanasation
LIC - high urbanasation
NEE- medium urbanasation
push factors to urban areas
natural disasters
desertification
fewer jobs
unsafe
no local healthcare
education few and not close
pull factors to urban areas
more jobs
better healthcare
join other family members
better social life
better economic growth
social problems of traffic
more accidents
air pollution
reducing traffic
underground trave;
self-service bikes and scooters
bus purpose lanes
parking restrictions stopping parked cars parking in the road
measures of development
birth/death rate
life expectancy
literacy rate
people per doctor
gni per captia
infant mortality rate 1/1000
limitations of some development measures
social factors take a while to change
gni per capita variation doesn’t show due to it being an average
government corruption
unreliable data
HDI (human development index)
calculated by gni life experience education level
0-1
demographic transition model
shows change over time in the population of the country
demographic model country explaination
very poor lic - stable or slow increase due to high birth rate for work or lack of contraception and high death rate due to poor health care
richer lic big increase due to better health care but still need kids for work and lack of contraception and women in work
NEE - slow increase
HIC - stable or slow decrease low birth rates due to planning and women focus on careers and the death rate is low
uneven development physical
extreme weather
landlocked countries no accesses to seas
uneven development economics
trade only between rich countries
some countries never experienced economic growth
rich countries have the power
uneven development historical
civil war causes major breaks in development
corrupt government spend money on themselves
being controlled by other countries and being a colony
uneven development health
LIC more infant death more dieases deaths. die before 70
HIC old deaths lung diseases CHRONIC disease
reducing the development gap
debt relief
free trade - getting rid of tariffs and quotas
fair trade - the farmer gets a higher percentage if crops sold
why has the uk economy changed
globalization is the growth and spread of ideas around the world.
This can involve the movement of cultures, people, money, goods and
information.
where does the money go resources
supermarket
importer
air frieght
producer
why does the uk import so much food
- demand
- cheaper food abroad
- cant grow
-season product
-cheaper
environmental issues of food transport and strategies
high food miles means adding the the carbon footprint this greenhouses gases being put into the climate
- UK trying to increaselocally increasing food in the UK this can reduce food miles and help local economy
-agribusiness stop food miles
increasing demands for water
population increase and more houses
increased use for leisure
greater use of water using house hold appliances
matching water demand
where rainfall is higher and there is a water surplus like in wales they transport it to areas of water deficit like London to stop water stress
opposition to water schemes
high costs
damage to ecosystems
changing energy mix
been a shift from finite energy resources or ones that harm the environment to renewable safe energy
water demand world wide
population growth
increased urbanasation
economic development
