Paper 2 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Why has the demand for food increased?
Population has increased - 8 billion people on the earth
More people = more demand for food
Why is the demand for food changing in the uk?
Exotic foods - people’s incomes have increased so they have afford exotic food, spices and coffee has become more popular
Seasonal food - certain items are unable to grow due to the weather
Organic food - people choosing to have food which has no pesticides
What is a food Mile?
The distance food has traveled to reach the consumer
What is carbon footprints?
The amount of greenhouse gas produced during an activity
What is organic farming?
When it doesn’t have pesticides
Produce food using natural substances and processes such as manure
What is agribusiness?
Making money from farming
When a farm is run like a large industrial business, they are large scale, money intensive commercial activities
What is agribusiness?
Making money from farming
How does the demand for water vary across the uk?
The north and the west gets loads of it, the east and south don’t get very much
Why has the demand for water increased?
Population - more people in the world (8 billion+) will require more water.
Water intensive appliances - more people using appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers
Crops- more people in the world (8 billion+) will require more food. Food requires water (irrigation) to grow.
What is ground water?
Water that is found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock
How is this being polluted?
Fertilisers and pesticides- leak into the soil when it rains
Vehicles - run off from vehicles seeps into the soil
What is a water transfer scheme?
Moving water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit
Surplus - lots
Deficit - not a lot
An example is the kielder water transfer scheme
How and why is the uk energy mix changing?
In 1990 we relied on coal
In 2020+ we had a massive shift to renewable energy
We weren’t using renewable energy in 1990 because there was no technology to use it (better technology now)
We can’t use coal anymore because coal mines are shut, they all closed.
How are we exploiting energy in the uk?
Fracking - drill a hole in the floor, put a pipe through it and put high power water or chemicals through the pipe, It will crack the layer of rock.
Exploiting - taking advantage
Might of deforestated the area and might make you move to get it underneath the ground
What are the impacts of fossil fuels use?
Economic - fracking is expensive
- can trade it around the world
Environmental - releasing co2
- earthquakes
What is water insecurity?
Water insecurity is defined as a lack of water
Describe global patterns of water insecurity?
Africa has water insecurity - climate related
China and India have water insecurity - how much they have used it. Too many people and factories
Why has the demand for water inscreased?
Population - more people in the world (8 billion +) will require more water
Factories - more people in the world will require more products. Products are made in factories which use lots of water to operate.
How does climate affect water supply?
In hotter climates, water evaporates from rivers, lakes and seas quicker
Climate change is altering the total amount of rainfall areas receive.
This is making places drier and increased the risk of drought.
How does geology affect the water supply?
Geology - rocks
Impermeable rock - impossible (does not) absorb the water and runs off into lakes and rivers, increasing supply
Permeable rock - it is possible for the water to travel through and will end up in the ground water
What are the options for water conservation?
Grey water - using used water for certain activities e.g watering plants
Improve infrastructure- improve pipes to ensure there are no leaks
Hosepipe bans - limit water used for certain activities e.g watering gardens
What are waterborne diseases?
Waterborne diseases come from dirty, polluted or contaminated water supplies
Diseases include cholera and typhoid
What is the impact of water insecurity on food production and industrial output?
Reduced food production- watering (irrigating) crops uses a lot of water. Less water = less crops. This can lead to starvation.
Reduced Industrial activity- factories require lots of water to produce products. Less water = less products. This can lead to job losses and money lost from the economy
What are the pros and cons of water transfer schemes?
Increases water in areas of deficit
Expensive to set up. Usually uses tax payer money
