Paper 2

Question 1

What is the key assumptions of humanistic approach

Answer 1

• each individual is unique
• humans have free will
• humans should be viewed holistically and not reduced to parts

Question 2

What dos free will mean in the humanistic approach

Answer 2

Assumes humans are self determining being who can exercise control and influence thee own personal destiny

Question 3

What is the direct opposition of the humanistic approach

Answer 3

The behaviourist approach as it sees behaviour as a response to either internal biological processes or to external conditioning by the environment

Question 4

Who was one of the founders of the humanistic approach

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow who was interested in what motivated people and how to achieve self actualisation.

Question 5

What does the hierarchy of needs outline

Answer 5

It outlines the path that must be taken to achieve self actualisation

Question 6

Describe the hierarchy of need

Answer 6

Presented asa pyramid lower platforms encompassing the basic need that all humans require the higher the person ascends the pyramid the richer and more fulfilling their life is likely to be

Question 7

Level 1 of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

Psychological needs
- covers all life supporting essential elements - clean water,food, clean air, shelter, sleep
- impossible to ascend any further without these i pace

Question 8

Level 2 of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

Safety need
- includes security, protection, degree of predictability, freedom from persecution
- important as it would be difficult to pursue a goal in life if it was chaotic and subject to change at any moment

Question 9

Level 3 of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

Social need
- acknowledges the importance of having a supportive network, friendship, love, intimacy, feeling of belonging
- without this u are unlikely to feel truly fulfilled

Question 10

Level 4 of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 10

Esteem need
- positive self image, achievement, mastery o a skill, reputation, autonomy

Question 11

Level 5 of the hierarchy of needs

Answer 11

Self actualisation
- self fulfilment transcendence, personal growth, being in a flow state, ultimate achievement
Process of reaching this may be continual as new goal reached and new ambitions set
- aspirational goal to veryone will reach

Question 12

Humanistic approach is the only approach that takes a true holistic view

Answer 12

Strength as it reflects the fact that reality is experienced on a subjective level by every person
It acknowledges the diversity and richness of human experiences
So idiographic approach is high in ecological validity

Question 13

Maslows hierarchy has real life application

Answer 13

Can be applied to business settings to help set goals and prioritises for staff
Can be applied to educational setting to encourage progress
Client centred therapy
Counselling

Question 14

Humanistic approach lacks scientific credibility

Answer 14

Ideas behind approach is difficult to operationalise and measure so it lacks reliability and too open for interpretation

Question 15

Maslows hierarchy is only applicable to individualist cultures

Answer 15

Raises issues of generalisation as in collective societies achieving ones true potential may not be a key factor

Question 16

What is congruence

Answer 16

Congruence describes the point at which a person self image completely overlaps their ideal self

Question 17

What did carl roggers sugggest

Answer 17

Suggested congruence in the 1940s with his client centred therapy in which
- unconditional positive regard is used in assessment and treatment of client
- aim of her app is to create congruence
-

Question 18

What happens if the gap between real and ideal self is too wide

Answer 18

Individual will suffer from incongruence and self actualisation will not be possible

Question 19

What are conditions are worth

Answer 19

Situations or instances when someone believes that they must behave a certain way to gain the love and approval of others

Question 20

What did rogger suggest about conditions of worth

Answer 20

Suggested some parent may use conditions of worth with their child
It plays a key role in the development of psychological issues and damage into adulthood

Question 21

What is the difference between rogers form of psychotherapy and Freud

Answer 21

Rogger chose to focus on positive aspect of the person and increase a client self worth and reduce incongruence between self image and ideal self

Question 22

Strength of conditions of worth

Answer 22

Roger’s self centred approach can be praised for its emphasis on the positive aspects of the Person being treated
- this removes blame guilt and shame
- so it is likely to lead to a good rate of client retention and lack of client attrition so the approach can be viewed as a useful and valuable resource